تاثیر جایگزینی پودر گاماروس به جای گرده‌ی گل در تغذیه کلونیهای زنبور عسل بر عملکرد و شاخص‌های رفتاری آن ها
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری
کاوه جعفری خورشیدی
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اسماعیل گنجی جامه شوران
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منیرالسادات صلواتیان
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1 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران
2 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد آزادشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آزادشهر، ایران
3 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران
کلید واژه: زنبور عسل, تغذیه جایگزین, گرده گل, گاماروس, رفتارهای حیاتی,
چکیده مقاله :
زنبور عسل بهطور طبیعی کربوهیدرات‌ها را از طریق شهد گل، پروتئین‌ها، چربی‌ها، ویتامین‌ها و مواد معدنی را از طریق گرده دریافت می‌نماید. پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از گاماروس بهعنوان منبع پروتئینی جهت جایگزینی گرده در شرایط صحرا و بر روی زنبور عسل معمولی (Apis mellifera) انجام شد. آزمایش بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 4 تکرار، جمعاً 16 کندو در طی مدت 6 ماه اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل: 1-گرده (خالص)، 2- گاماروس (3/33) درصد + گرده (6/66) درصد ، 3- گاماروس (6/66) درصد + گرده (3/33) درصد و 4- پودر گاماروس (خالص) بودند. بین تیمارهای مختلف از نظر مصرف غذا در دوره‌های مختلف اختلاف معنیداری در پایان آزمایش مشاهده گردید (01/0>p ). بهعبارت دیگر بیشترین مصرف غذا مربوط به تیمار شاهد (گرده گل) با 4/195 گرم و کمترین مصرف مربوط به تیمار 3 با 99/91 گرم در هر دوره بود. همچنین در بین تیمارهای مختلف در دوره‌های مختلف آزمایش از نظر ذخیره عسل در کلونیهای مورد آزمایش اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده گردید (01/0>p ). میانگین ذخیره عسل در دوره‌های مختلف در تیمارهای 1 تا 4 بهترتیب برابر 49/2، 34/3، 33/2 و 1/4 برحسب کیلوگرم بود. میانگین هزینه خوراک برای تولید هر کیلوگرم غذا در تیمار گاماروس حدود 2 برابر اقتصادی‌تر بود از تیمار شاهد بود. و در سایر صفات مورد مطالعه با توجه به نتایج بهدست آمده تفاوت معنیداری مشاهده نگردید. استفاده از ترکیب غذائی گاماروس بهجای گرده در کلونیهای زنبور عسل کاملاٌ با رژیم غذائی زنبوران عسل سازگار بوده و از نظر صفات اقتصادی بهعنوان یک محصول جدید (گاماروس) بهجای گرده گل که حدود 2 برابر اقتصادی‌تر بود، قابل توصیه است.
Bees naturally receive carbohydrates through flower nectar, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals through pollen. In this regard, the present research was carried out using Gammarus as a protein source to replace pollen in desert conditions and on the common honey bee Apis mellifera. The factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments and 4 replications, a total of 16 hives during a period of 6 months. The treatments included: 1- pollen (pure), 2- gammarus (33.3) percent + pollen (66.6) percent, 3- gammarus (66.6) percent + pollen (33.3) percent and 4- gammarus powder (pure). A significant difference was observed between different treatments in terms of food consumption in different periods at the end of the experiment (P<0.05). In other words, the highest food consumption was related to control treatment (pollen) with 195.4 grams and the lowest consumption was related to treatment 3 with 91.99 grams in each period. Also, a significant difference was observed among the different treatments in the different periods of the experiment in terms of honey storage in the tested colonies (P<0.05). The average honey reserve in different periods in treatments 1 to 4 was 2.49, 3.34, 2.33 and 4.1 kg respectively. The average cost of feed to produce each kilogram of food in the Gammaros treatment was about 2 times more economical than the control treatment. And in other studied traits, according to the obtained results, no significant difference was observed. The use of Gamarus food composition instead of pollen in honey bee colonies is perfectly compatible with the diet of honey bees, and in terms of economic characteristics, it can be used as a new product instead of flower pollen, which was about 2 times more economical. It is recommended
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