پروبیوتیک ها: کیفیت آب، عملکرد رشد و ایمنی در آبزی‌پروری میگو

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

محمد حسین خانجانی ¹ , ُسعید حاجی رضایی ²

1 - گروه علوم و مهندسی شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، کرمان، ایران
2 - گروه علوم و مهندسی شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، کرمان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1402/01/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/03/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/09/01

کلید واژه: ایمنی, پروبیوتیک, آبزی‌پروری, کیفیت آب, عملکرد رشد, میگو,

چکیده مقاله :

با توجه به افزایش جمعیت جهان، صنعت آبزی‌پروری به عنوان یکی از صنایع تولید غذا در سال‌های اخیر رشد و توسعه یافته است. یکی از راهکارهای افزایش تولیدات آبزی‌پروری، افزایش تراکم ذخیره‌سازی و سطح زیر کشت می‌باشد. افزایش تراکم ذخیره‌سازی منجر به کاهش کیفیت آب، شیوع و گسترش عوامل بیماری‌زا می‌شود. استفاده از آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها به عنوان ماده شیمیایی جهت کاهش اثر عامل بیماری‌زا در آبزی‌پروری، از طرف مصرف کنندگان چندان پذیرفته شده نیست. امروزه استفاده از پروبیوتیک‌‌‌ها جهت حفظ سلامت محیط زیست برای آبزی پرورش یافته و افزایش عملکرد تولید بدون تاثیر منفی بر مصرف کنندگان حائز اهمیت است. مطالعات بر استفاده از پروبیوتیک‌ها برای دستیابی به اهداف آبزی‌پروری پایدار سازگار با محیط زیست افزایش یافته است. از مزایای استفاده از پروبیوتیک‌‌ها در آبزی‌پروری میگو، بهبود کیفیت آب، کارایی بهتر خوراک، بهبود عملکرد رشد، فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی، ایمنی و مقاومت در برابر عوامل بیماری‌زا گزارش شده است. پروبیوتیک‌ها در شرایط استرس از جمله دستکاری، رقم بندی، حمل و نقل، واکسیناسیون و درمان بیماری‌ها به میگو کمک می‌کنند. پروبیوتیک‌های که در صنعت آبزی‌پروری استفاده شده اند بیشتر شامل گونه‌های باسیلوس، لاکتوباسیلوس، میکروکوکوس، اینتروکوکوس، لاکتوکوکوس، استرپتوکوکوس و کارنوباکتریوم هستند. در مطالعه مروری حاضر، کاربرد و اهمیت پروبیوتیک‌ها در آبزی‌پروری میگو و تاثیر آن بر کیفیت آب، عملکرد رشد و ایمنی مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Over the last few decades, the aquaculture industry has grown and developed as one of the major food production industries. Increased stocking density and cultivated area are two ways to increase aquaculture production. Stocking density increases result in a decrease in water quality and the spread of pathogens. As a chemical substance, antibiotics are not widely accepted by consumers as a means of reducing pathogenic agents in aquaculture. Nowadays, probiotics are crucial to maintaining the health of farmed aquatic animals and increasing production performance without negatively affecting consumers. Probiotics are being used in more studies to achieve environmentally friendly sustainable aquaculture goals. Probiotics have been shown to improve water quality, feed efficiency, growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immunity, and resistance to pathogens in shrimp aquaculture. The presence of probiotics helps shrimp under stressful conditions, such as handling, grading, transportation, vaccination, and disease treatment. In the aquaculture industry, probiotics are mostly Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Micrococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Carnobacterium species. This study examines the use and importance of probiotics in shrimp aquaculture, as well as their effects on water quality, growth performance, and immunity.

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