بررسی اثرات تزریق کربوهیدرات‌ها و آنتی اکسیدان‌ها در تخم مرغ‌های بارور انبار شده بر جوجه درآوری، ریخت‌شناسی روده، پارامترهای خونی، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و محتوای گلیکوژن بافت جوجه‌های تازه بدنیا آمده

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری

محمد نعیم آسا ¹ (گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
محمد چمنی ² (گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
سید ناصر موسوی ³ (گروه علوم دامی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران)
علی اصغر صادقی ⁴ (گروه علوم دامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
فرهاد فرودی ⁵ (گروه علوم دامی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/05/15 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/06/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/01

کلید واژه: کربوهیدرات, آنتی‌اکسیدان, جوجه, ریخت‌شناسی, جوجه‌دراوری,

چکیده مقاله :

تتحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی اثر تغذیه درون تخم مرغی کربوهیدرات‌ها و آنتی اکسیدان‌ها در تخم مرغ های جوجه کشی انبارشده انجام شد. برای انجام آزمایش 1200 عدد تخم مرغ قابل جوجه کشی از مرغ مادر گوشتی سویه کاب 500 پس از انبار شدن در دو بازه زمانی 3 و 14 روز جهت تزریق آمنیونی در روز 5/17 جنینی، در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی به 10 تیمار و 5 تکرار (هر تکرار 24 عدد تخم مرغ) توزیع شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) کنترل منفی (بدون تزریق)، 2) کنترل مثبت (تزریق 5/0 میلیلیتر محلول نرمال سالین)، 3) تزریق 5/0 میلی لیتر محلول قندی، 4) تزریق 5/0 میلی لیتر محلول آنتی اکسیدان و 5) تزریق 5/0 میلی لیتر مخلوط محلول قندی و آنتی اکسیدان بودند. درصد تلفات در تیمارهای مخلوط کربوهیدرات ها و آنتی اکسیدان ها در هر دو بازه زمانی کمتر از شاهد شد (05/0 > p). عمق کریپت و نسبت طول به عرض پرز روده و همچنین گلیکوژن ماهیچه ران جوجه هایی که از تخم مرغ های تحت تزریق کربوهیدرات ها و مخلوط کربوهیدات ها و آنتی اکسیدان ها در طی دو بازه زمانی 3 و 14 روز انبارداری که بدنیا آمده بودند، بهبود معنی داری نسبت به شاهد داشتند (05/0 > p). غلظت گلوکز خون جوجه هایی که از تخم مرغ های تحت تزریق کربوهیدرات ها، آنتی اکسیدان ها و مخلوط آن ها و 3 روز انبارداری بدنیا آمده بودند، افزایش معنی داری نسبت به شاهد داشت (05/0 > p). ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی کل در جوجه هایی که از تخم مرغ های تحت تزریق آنتی اکسیدان ها و 3 روز انبارداری بدنیا آمده بودند، افزایش معنی داری نسبت به شاهد داشت (05/0 > p). نتایج نشان می دهد که تزریق کربوهیدرات ها، آنتی اکسیدان ها و مخلوط کربوهیدرات ها و انتی اکسیدان ها در دوران قبل از هچ در تخم مرغ های بارور ذخیره شده، موثر می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and antioxidants in the stored incubating eggs. To perform this experiment, 1200 hatching eggs from the broiler hens of Cob 500 strain were distributed after storage in two time intervals of 3 and 14 days for amniotic injection on the 17.5th embryonic day in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 5 iterations (each iteration with 24 eggs). The experimental treatments include: 1) negative control (without injection), 2) positive control (injection of 0.5 ml normal saline solution), 3) injection of 0.5 ml carbohydrate solution, 4) injection of 0.5 ml antioxidant solution and 5) injection of 0.5 ml of a mixture of carbohydrate and antioxidant solution. The percentage of losses in the treatments of mixed carbohydrates and antioxidants in both periods was less than the control (P<0.05). Crypt depth and length-to-width ratio of intestinal villi, as well as the glycogen in the thigh muscle of the chickens hatched from the eggs injected with carbohydrates, a mixture of carbohydrates and antioxidants during two storage periods of 3 and 14 days, had a significant improvement compared to the control (P<0.05). Blood glucose concentration of the chickens hatched from the eggs injected with carbohydrates, antioxidants, and their mixtures with 3 days of storage had a significant increase compared to the control (P<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity in the chickens hatched from the eggs injected with antioxidants and 3 days of storage had a significant increase compared to the control (P<0.05). The results show that the injection of carbohydrates, antioxidants, and a mixture of carbohydrates and antioxidants in the pre-hatching period would be effective on the stored fertile eggs.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Abidin Z., Katoon A. 2019. Heat stress in poultry and the beneficial effects of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) supplementation during periods of heat stress.
   World's Poultry Science Journal, 96(1): 135-152.


2. Ahmadi M., Ahmadian A., Poorghasemi M., Makovicky P., Seidavi, A. 2018. Nano-selenium affects on duodenum, jejunum, ileum and coloncharacteristics in chicks: An animal model. International Journal of Nano Dimension, 10(2): 225-229.


3. Ahmadi M., Poorghasemi M., Seidavi A., Hatzigiannakis E., Milis, C. 2019. An optimum level of nano-selenium supplementation of a broiler diet according to the performance, economical parameters, plasma constituents and immunity. Journal of Elementology, 25(3): 1178-1198.


4. Bautista-Ortega J., Goeger D.E., Cherian G. 2009. Egg yolk omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids modify tissue lipid components, antioxidant status, and ex vivo eicosanoid production in chick cardiac tissue. Poultry Science, 88: 1167–1175.


5. Bhadauria A.S., Yadav S., Majumdar S., Bhanja K. 2018. Delayed post-hatch feeding affects the performance and immunocompetence differently in male and female broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 46(1): 306-313.


6. Bhanja S.K., Mandal A.B., Agarwal S.K., Majumdar S. 2008. Effect of in ovo injection of glucose on the hatch weight and blood biochemical parameters of the day-old broiler chicks. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 78(8): 869-872.


7. Bhattacharyya A., Majumdar S., Bhanja S.K., Mandal A.B., Kadam M. 2017. Effect of maternal dietary manipulation and in ovo injection of nutrients on the hatchability indices, post-hatch growth, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and immunocompetence traits of turkey poults. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 46(1): 287-294.


8. Belloi A., Zhai W., Gerard P.D., Peebles E.D. 2014. Effects of the commercial in ovo injection of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on broiler posthatch performance and carcass characteristics. Poultry Science, 93: 155-162.


9. Chen W., Wang R., Wan H.F., Xiong X.L., Peng P., Peng J. 2009. Influence of in ovo injection of glutamine and carbohydrates on digestive organs and pectoralis muscle mass in the duck. British Poultry Science, 50(4): 436-442.


10. El‐Deep M.H., Amber K.A., Elgendy S., Dawood M.A.O., Zidan A. In ovo injection of nano‐selenium spheres mitigates the hatchability, histopathology image and immune response of hatched chicks. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 104: 1392–1400.


11. El-Senousey H.K., Chen B., Wang J.Y., Atta A.M., Mohamed F.R., Nie Q.H. In ovo injection of ascorbic acid modulates antioxidant defense system and immune gene expression in newly hatched local Chinese yellow broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 97: 425-429.


12. Goliomytis M., Tsipouzian T., Hager-Theodorides A. 2015. Effects of egg storage on hatchability, performance and immunocompetence parameters of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 94: 2257-2265.


13. Favero A., Vieira S.L., Angel C.R., Bos-Mikich A., Lothhammer N., Taschetto D., Cruz R.F.A., Ward T.L. 2013. Development of bone in chick embryos from Cobb 500 breeder hens fed diets supplemented with zinc, manganese, and copper from inorganic and amino acid-complexed sources. Poultry Science, 92: 402–411.


14. Foy O.T., Uni Z., Ferket P.R. 2006. Effect of in ovo feeding egg wight protein, β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate, and carbohydratee on status and neonatal growth of turkeys. Poultry Science, 85: 1185-1192.


15. Hajati H., Hassanabadi A., Golian A., Nassiri-Moghaddam H., Nassiri M.R. 2014. The effect of In Ovo injection of grape seed extract and vitamin C on hatchability, antioxidant activity, yolk sac absorption, performance and ileal micro flora of broiler chickens. Research Opinions in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 4: 633–638.


16. Hossieni Siyar S.A., Saki A.A., Tabatabaei M.M., Aliarabi H.A., Ahmadi A., Ashori N. 2010. Effect of storage condition and hen age on egg quality parameters. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 2(1): 1-10.


17. Heim K.E., Tagliafero A.R., Bobyla D.J. 2002. Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure–activity relationships. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 13: 572–584.


18. John T.M., George J.C., Moran E.T. 1988. Metabolic changes in pectoral muscle and liver of turkey embryos in relation to hatching: influence of glucose and antibiotic treatment of eggs. Poultry Science, 67: 463-469.


19. Kalantar M., Hosseini S.M., Hosseini M.R., Kalantar M.H., Farmanullah F., Yang L.G. 2019. Effects of in ovo injection of coenzyme Q10 on hatchability, subsequent performance, and immunity of broiler chickens. BioMed Research International, 2019: 1-9.


20. Kornasio R., Halevy O., Kedar O., Uni, Z. 2011. Effect of in ovo feeding and its interaction with timing of first feed on glycogen reserves, muscle growth, and body weight. Poultry Science, 90: 1467-1477.


21. Kermanshahia H., Goliana A., Khodambashi Emamia N., Daneshmanda A., Ghofrani Tabaria D., Ibrahim S.A. 2017. Effects of in ovo injection of threonine on hatchability, intestinal morphology, and somatic attributes in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Journal of Applied Animal Research, 45(1): 437-441.


22. MooreT., Ferket P.R., Mozdziak P.E. 2005. The effect of early nutrition on satellite cell dynamics in the young turkey. Poultry Science, 84: 748–756.


23. Peebles E.D. In ovo applications in poultry: A review. Poultry Science, 1: 1–17.


24. Poorghasemi M., Chamani M., Mirhosseini S.Z., Sadeghi A.A., Seidavi A. 2017. Effect of probiotic and different sources of fat on performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphology and ghrelin gene expression on broiler chickens. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 24(2): 169-178.


25. SAS Institute. (2004). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.4. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.


26. Selim A., Gaafar K.M., El-ballal S.S. 2012. Influence of in ovo administration with vitamin E and ascorbic acid on the performance of Muscovy ducks. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 24: 264-271.


27. Shafey T.M., Alodan M.A., Al-Ruqaie I.M., Abouheif M.A. In ovo feeding of carbohydrates and incubated at a high incubation temperature on hatchability and glycogen status of chicks. South African Animal Science, 42(3): 210-220.


28. Sgavioli S., De Almeida V.R., Matos Júnior J.B., Zanirato G.L., Borges L.L., Boleli I.C. In ovoinjection of ascorbic acid and higher incubation temperature modulate blood parameters in response to heat exposure in broilers. British Poultry Science, 60(3): 279-287. 


29. Sgavioli S., Domingues C.H., SantosT., Quadros T.C., Borges L.L., Garcia R.G., Louzada M.J., Boleli I.C. 2016. Effect of in ovo ascorbic acid injection on the bone development of broiler chickens submitted to heat stress during incubation and rearing. RevistaBrasileira de Ciencia Avicola, 18: 153–162.


30. Surai P.F. 2000. Effect of the selenium and vitamin E content of the maternal diet on the antioxidant system of the yolk and the developing chick. British Poultry Science, 41: 235-243.


31. Tako E., Ferket P.R., Uni Z. 2004. Effect of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl butyrate and carbohydratee on the development of chicken intestine. Poultry Science. 83: 2023-2028.


32. Tona K., F.Bamelis B., De Ketelaere V., Bruggeman V., Moraes M., Buyse J., Onagbesan O., Decuypere E. 2003. Effects of egg storage time on spread of hatch, chick quality, and chick juvenile growth. Poultry Science, 82: 736–741.


33. Vase-Khavari K., Mortezavi S.H., Rasouli B., Khusro A., SalemZ.M., Seidavi A.R. 2019. The effect of three tropical medicinal plants and superzist probiotic on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood constitutes, immune response, and gut microflora of broiler. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51(1): 33-42.


34. Xiao X., Yuan D., Wang Y.X., Zhan X.A. 2016. The protective effects of different sources of maternal selenium on oxidative stressed chick embryo liver. Biological Trace Element Research, 172: 201–208.


35. Yalcin S.,   Gursel I.,  Bilgen G.,  Horuluoglu B.T.,  Gucluer G.,  Izzetoglu G.T. 2016. Egg storage duration and hatch window affect gene expression of nutrient transporters and intestine morphological parameters of early hatched broiler chicks. Animal, 10: 805-811.


36. Yair R., Shahar R., Uni, Z. 2013. Prenatal nutritional manipulation by in ovo enrichment influences bone structure, composition and mechanical properties. Journal of Animal Science, 91: 2784–2793.


37. Zhai W., Rowe D., Peebles E. 2011a. Effects of commercial in ovo injection of carbohydrates on broiler embryogenesis. Poultry Science, 90(6): 1295-1301.


38. Zhai W., Gerard P., Pulikanti R., Peebles E. 2011b. Effects of in ovo injection of carbohydrates on embryonic metabolism, hatchability, and subsequent somatic characteristics of broiler hatchlings. Poultry Science, 90(10): 2134-2143.