اثر تنش شوری بر صفات مرتبط با جوانه‏ زنی کینوا (.Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

هادی سالک معراجی ¹ , افشین توکلی ² , سهیلا غنیمتی ³ , پروین کثیرلو ⁴

1 - گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 - گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
3 - گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
4 - گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/04/08 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/08/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/07/01

کلید واژه:  تنش,  درصد جوانه‌زنی,  سرعت جوانه‌زنی,  تندش,  کلریدسدیم,

چکیده مقاله :

شوری یکی از مهمترین تنش های غیرزنده بوده که سبب کاهش عملکرد گیاهان زراعی می شود. گیاه کینوا اهمیت زیادی در تغذیه انسان داشته و مقاومت بالایی به تنش شوری دارد. به منظور بررسی اثرات تنش شوری بر خصوصیات جوانه زنی رقم Q26 کینوا، آزمایشی به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل غلظت های مختلف کلریدسدیم (0 ،4 ،8 ،12 ،16 ،20 ،30 ، 40 دسی زیمنس بر متر) بر خصوصیات جوانه زنی بذر کینوا تحت شرایط آزمایشگاهی بود. شوری اثرات نامطلوبی برصفات مورد مطالعه مانند درصد و سرعت جوانه زنی، طول ساقه چه و ریشه چه، وزن خشک ساقه چه و ریشه چه، نسبت ساقه چه به ریشه چه، یکنواختی جوانه زنی و مدت زمان لازم جهت رسیدن به 50% جوانه زنی داشت. درصد جوانه زنی بین تیمار شاهد تا غلظت 30 دسی زیمنس بر متر از نظر آماری تفاوتی نداشت ولی در غلظت 40 دسی زیمنس بر متر کاهش و به 75% رسید. با افزایش سطوح شوری مدت زمان لازم جهت جوانه زنی 50% بذر، افزایش معنی داری داشت. سرعت جوانه زنی نیز به طور معنی داری تحت تأثیر سطوح شوری کاهش یافت. نسبت ساقه چه به ریشه چه با افزایش شوری تا غلظت 20 دسی زیمنس بر مترکاهش یافت ولی در غلظت 30 دسی زیمنس بر متر به حداکثر رسید. نتایج نشان داد که رقم Q26 کینوا در مرحله جوانه زنی، شوری 30 دسی زیمنس می تواند تحمل نماید. بنابراین می توان عنوان کرد که این رقم مقاومت خوبی تا غلظت 30 دسی زیمنس بر متر کلرید سدیم داشته و می تواند پس از ارزیابی مزرعه ای و با توجه به شرایط اقلیمی مناسب رقم مطلوبی برای کشت در شرایط شور باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Salinity is one of the most abiotic stress that cased reduce the yield of crops. Quinoa has role importance in human nutrition and have a high resistance to salinity stress. In order to investigate the effects of salinity stress on germination characteristics of quinoa cultivar Q26, experiment was conducted based a complete randomized design (CRD) with four replication. The treatments consisted of different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0,4, 8,12,16,20, 30and40 dS/m) on the germination seed of quinoa under laboratory conditions. Salinity haveundesirable effects ontraits study such as germination percentage, germination rate, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, stem-to-root ratio (Coefficient of Allometry), germination uniformity and time to 50 percent germination.The percent germinationsignificantly reduce in 30 dS/m salinity,but many traits reduced in concentration 40 dS/m of NaCl. The percentage of germination was not significant between control and 30 dS/m treatment, but at 40 dS/m concentration reduced to 75 percent. With increase salinity levels, time to 50 percent germination increased significantly. Germination rate also reduced significantly by salinity levels.The shoot-to-root ratio decreased with increasing salinity up to 20 dS/m but reached a maximum at 30 dS/m The results showed that quinoa cultivar Q26 has high resistance to salinity stress in germination stage,therefore it can be said that thiscultivar have a good resistance to 30 dS/mof sodium chlorideand can be thebest cultivar for saline conditionafter field evaluation and appropriate climate.

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