عوامل مؤثر بر پایداری نظام کشت گندم در شهرستان گرگان

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

محمدمهدی میرزایی ¹ , زهرا اردکانی ²

1 - دانش آموخته رشته مدیریت کشاورزی
2 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائم‌شهر

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/04/29 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/01/20 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/03/01

کلید واژه:  کشاورزی پایدار,  تناوب‌زراعی,  حفاظت منابع,  مالکیت زمین,  مدیریت منابع,

چکیده مقاله :

پایداری در نظام‌های کشت گندم به مؤلفه‌های متعددی بستگی دارد. پژوهش‌ حاضر با هدف شناخت و تحلیل مؤلفه‌های پایداری نظام کشت گندم در شهرستان گرگان انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل کشاورزان گندمکار گرگان بود. حجم نمونه از طریق فرمول کوکران برآورد و نمونه ها به‌روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب و در نهایت 190 پرسشنامه تکمیل گردید. روایی پرسشنامه‌ از طریق صاحب‌نظران توسعه کشاورزی تأیید و پایایی گویه‌های پرسشنامه با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 806/0 به دست آمد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش تحلیل عاملی استفاده و تجزیه و تحلیل در دو بخش توصیفی و تحلیلی انجام شد. بین متغیرهای اصلی نظیر سطح‌ زیرکشت گندم، مدیریت تلفیقی آفات و اصلاح اراضی، استفاده ‌از بذور اصلاح شده، تعداد دفعات مراجعه به مراکز ترویجی، سطح دانش کشاورزی پایدار، رضایت شغلی از کار کشاورزی، سود حاصل از کشت گندم، میزان عملکرد گندم در هکتار و مؤلفه‌های پایداری نظام کشت گندم همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری وجود داشت. در مجموع، پنج عامل اکولوژیکی- زراعی، عملیات زراعی پایدارمحور، حمایت های خدماتی- ترویجی، وضعیت اجتماعی- مشارکتی و عامل اقتصادی که مجموعاً 21 متغیر را دربرمی گرفت، حدود 74% از واریانس عوامل پایداری نظام کشت گندم در شهرستان‌ گرگان را تبیین نمود. بهبود مدیریت منابع روستایی، گسترش فعالیت‌های تعاونی و مشارکتی کشاورزی، دانش بومی کشاورزان، سیاست‌گذاری‌هایی از جانب برنامه‌ریزان ترویجی و کاهش هزینه‌های تولید در فرآیند بهره‌برداری می‌تواند نقش مؤثری در بهبود فرآیند پایدارسازی کشاورزی داشته باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Sustainability in wheat cultivation systems depends on several components. The current study was conducted to identify and analyze the sustainability components of wheat cultivation system in Gorgan county. The statistical population was all farmers and wheat growers of Gorgan county. Samples volume was estimated through Cochran formula and samples were chosen randomly. Finally, 190 questionnaires were used. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the agricultural development experts and the reliability of the questionnaire items was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient as 0.806. Data analyzed by factor analysis method and in descriptive and analytical parts. There was a significant positive correlation between the main variables such as cultivated area of wheat, integrated pest management and land reform, using modified seeds, number of visits to extension centers, sustainable agricultural knowledge level, job satisfaction from agriculture, profit from wheat cultivation, wheat yield and sustainability factors of wheat cultivation system. In total, five factors of ecological-crop factors, sustainable-oriented crop operation, support-extension services factor, social-collaborative status factors, and economical factor consisting total of 21 variables accounted for about 74% of variance in sustainability of wheat cultivation system in Gorgan county. Improving rural resource management, expanding cooperative and participatory agricultural activities, native knowledge of farmers, policy-makings by extension planners and reducing production. Costs in the exploitation process can play an effective role in improving the process of agricultural stabilization.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

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