بررسی نقش ترغیب احساسی بر خودکارآمدی و نگرش کارآفرینانه دانشجویان علوم ورزشی (یک مطالعه تجربی)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی
الهام خوش بخت احمدی
1
,
سید مرتضی عظیم زاده
2
,
زهرا امینی روشن
3
1 - گروه مدیریت ورزشی دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد ، ایران.
2 - گروه مدیریت ورزشی دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد ، ایران.
3 - گروه مدیریت ورزشی دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد ، ایران.
کلید واژه: نگرش, خودکارآمدی, ترغیب احساسی, کارآفرینی ورزشی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف نقش ترغیب احساسی بر خودکارآمدی و نگرش کارآفرینانه دانشجویان علوم ورزشی (یک مطالعه تجربی)، به انجام رسید.روش‌شناسی: تحقیق حاضر از نوع تحقیقات نیمه تجربی و کاربردی است و در دو مرحله پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون انجام گرفت. جامعه پژوهش را دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی و کارشناسی علوم ورزشی دانشگاه‌های شهر مشهد تشکیل می‌دهند که با توجه به پروتکل اجرای تحقیق 150 نفر به‌صورت تصادفی به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. به‌منظور جمع‌آوری اطلاعات ابتدا نمونه‌ها در سه گروه مجازی 50 نفره (تلگرام) با عناوین ترغیب مثبت، منفی و کنترل طبقه‌بندی شدند؛ و پرسشنامه‌ای آنلاین شامل سؤالات جمعیت شناختی، پرسش‌نامه خودکارآمدی کارآفرینانه دی نابل و همکاران (1999)، پرسش‌نامه نگرش به کارآفرینی کریمی و همکاران (1391)، در زمان پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون در اختیار نمونه‌ها قرار گرفت. سپس پیام‌های ترغیبی مثبت و منفی به مدت یک ماه در گروه‌ها ارسال شد. در ادامه به‌منظور تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از آمار توصیفی (میانگین، انحراف معیار، چولگی و کشیدگی) و استنباطی (آزمون تی و لوین) در نرم‌افزار SPSS 22 استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده نشان می‌دهد ترغیب احساسی مثبت بر خود کارآمدی و تغییر نگرش نسبت به کارآفرینی دانشجویان علوم ورزشی تأثیر مثبت و معناداری دارد. همچنین ترغیب احساسی منفی بر نگرش کارآفرینی دانشجویان تأثیری نداشته است اما در رابطه با متغیر خود کارآمدی تأثیر معناداری را نشان می‌دهد.نتیجه‌گیری: اگر فرد نسبت به کارآفرینی با عوامل مختلف ترغیب شود می‌توان امیدوار بود باور و خودکارآمدی وی تقویت‌شده و نگرشش نسبت به کارآفرینی در راستای مثبت تغییر کند؛ زیرا همان‌طور که نتایج نشان می‌دهد احساسات فرد می‌تواند در این مسیر مؤثر واقع شود. از این‌رو پیشنهاد می‌شود در جهت مقابله با پدیده بیکاری دانشجویان، ترغیب‌های مثبت در محیط آموزشی بکار گرفته شود تا شاهد تعدیل بیکاری این قشر از جامعه در آینده باشیم.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigating the role of emotional persuasion on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude of sports students (an experimental study).Methodology: The present study is a quasi-experimental and applied research that was conducted in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The research population consists of graduate and undergraduate students of sports sciences of Mashhad universities who according to the research protocol, 150 people were randomly selected as a sample. For data collection, the samples (150 people) were first classified into three virtual groups (telegram): positive, negative persuasion and control. An online questionnaire was provided to the samples during the pre-test and post-test. Positive and negative persuasion messages were then sent to the groups for one month.Results: The findings show that positive emotional motivation has a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy and change in attitudes toward entrepreneurship of sports students. Also, negative emotional persuasion had no effect on students' entrepreneurial attitude, but in relation to the self-efficacy variable, it shows a significant effect.Conclusion: If a person is encouraged towards entrepreneurship by various factors, we can hope that his belief and self-efficacy will be strengthened and his attitude towards entrepreneurship will change in a positive direction. Because as the results of research show, a person's emotions can be effective in this direction. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to deal with the fear and the phenomenon of student unemployment, positive incentives be used in the educational environment to see the adjustment of unemployment of this segment of society in the future
Amini, M., jamshidi, R., & Heydarinejad, S. (2014). Prioritization of entrepreneurship barriers of physical education students by TOPSIS method. Research on Educational Sport, 2(6), 15-32. (Persian)
Agahi, H., Ghorbani Pir Alidehi, F., & SeyMohamadi.,S.(2015). An investigation of postgraduate students’ attitude toward self-employment (Case study of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University in Kermanshah). Social Welfare Research Quarterly, Year 16, No. 6. (Persian)
Amini Roshan, Z., Gholamian, J., Mahmoudi, A., & Azizi, B.(2022). Presenting a model of personality trait and entrepreneurship motivation on intention to start a medium and small sport businesses: The role of mediation awareness of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Development Quarterly,15(1). (Persian)
Akuraun, I., Goyit, M., & Dakung. (2019). Entrepreneurship education programme, passion and attitude towards self-employment .Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 1, 64-85.
Baron, R. A. (2008). The role of affect in the entrepreneurial process. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 328-340.
Darini, M., Aghajani Afroozi, A., & Tahmasebi Roshan, N. (2022). Investigating the role of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention of students with the mediating role of self-confidence, attitude and mentality (Case study of students in Mazandaran province). Research in Educational Systems, 16 (56). (Persian)
Faraji Sabkbar, H.A., Malai, N., & Hajri, B. (2015). Spatial analysis of employment pattern in major parts of the rural areas of Iran. Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, 4 (1), 1-14. (Persian)
Gratton, C., & Solberg, H. A. (2007). The economics of sports broadcasting, Routledge.
Ghiasi, A. R. (2015). The effect of self-efficacy belief and entrepreneurial attitude with entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students and natural resources of Zabol University, Agricultural Education Management Research Quarterly, No. 3.(Persian)
Hashemi, S.Y., Kaseh Gar mohamdi, S., & Mirtalebian, S.M. (2014). Self-efficacy with entrepreneurial attitude and sustainable employment in technical students of West Mazandaran. The first national conference on urban planning, urban management and sustainable development, Tehran. (Persian)
Hasanzadeh, N., & Sohrabi, Z. (2022). Explain the factors affecting the development of sports entrepreneurship; Sociological and ecological approach. Journal of Strategic Sociological Studies in Sport, 2(1). (Persian)
Iyortsuun, A. S., & et al. (2020). Entrepreneurship education programme, passion and attitude towards self-employment. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
khoshbakht ahmadi, E., Azimzadeh, S., & Keshtidar, M. (2021). Investigating the Effect of Emotional Persuasion on Intention, Motivation and Change in Attitudes toward Entrepreneurship of Sports Students. New Approaches in Exercise Physiology, 3(5), 149-164. (Persian)
Luthans, F., & et al. (2000). Environmental and psychological challenges facing entrepreneurial development in transitional economies. Journal of World business, 35(1), 95-110.
Mohseni, A., Mousavi, H. & Jamali, M. (2013) The role of entrepreneurship education in entrepreneurial attitude and belief in general self-efficacy of students. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 69, 80-63. (Persian)
Noori Khanyourdi, M., & et al. (2021). Analysis of barriers to entrepreneurship in sports from the perspective of sports experts. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 18(2), 229-250.
Niyazi, P., & Rafie Dehkordi, F. (2022). Presenting a sports entrepreneurship model with a social capital approach based on data foundation theory. Sociological Strategic Studies in Sport, 2(2). (Persian)
Shane, S. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy. Small Business Economics, 33(2), 141-149.
Razavi Mahmoudabadi, S.M. & Zarei Mahmoudabadi, M. (2014). Identification and ranking of factors on entrepreneurship in sports with a coherent approach of multi-criteria analysis and Capland. Journal of Sports Management and Motor Behavior, 23, 113-130. (Persian)
Sharifian, I., Yousefi Zarandi, M.H., & Ghahraman Tabrizi, K. (2016). Obstacles within the sports industry in competition with foreign sports goods. Applied Research in Sports Management, 1(17), 67-75. (Persian)
Svotwa, T. D., & et al. (2022). Perceived access to finance, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, attitude toward entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial ability, and entrepreneurial intentions: A Botswana Youth Perspective. Sage Open, 12(2), 21582440221096437.
Tran, T. V. H., & et al. (2022). UPPS impulsivity, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions among university students: ADHD symptoms as a moderator. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education(ahead-of-print).
Van Gelderen, M., & et al. (2015). From entrepreneurial intentions to actions: Self-control and action-related doubt, fear, and aversion. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(5), 655-673.
Van Kleef, G. A. (2016). The interpersonal dynamics of emotion, Cambridge University Press.
Vega-Gómez, F.I., Miranda González, F.J., Chamorro Mera, A., & Pérez-Mayo, J. (2020). Antecedents of entrepreneurial skills and their influence on the entrepreneurial intention of academics. Journals.sagepub.com/home/sgo,1-14.
Zakari, M., & et al. (2022). Entrepreneurial passion and social entrepreneurial intent: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in Public Universities in Ghana. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(2), 160-167.
Zabihi, H., Shojaei, V., & Hami, M. (2018). Investigating the relationship between skill literacy, academic literacy and sports business success with the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Journal of Applied Research in Sports Management, 7(3), 55-63. (Persian)
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Amini, M., jamshidi, R., & Heydarinejad, S. (2014). Prioritization of entrepreneurship barriers of physical education students by TOPSIS method. Research on Educational Sport, 2(6), 15-32. (Persian)
Agahi, H., Ghorbani Pir Alidehi, F., & SeyMohamadi.,S.(2015). An investigation of postgraduate students’ attitude toward self-employment (Case study of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University in Kermanshah). Social Welfare Research Quarterly, Year 16, No. 6. (Persian)
Amini Roshan, Z., Gholamian, J., Mahmoudi, A., & Azizi, B.(2022). Presenting a model of personality trait and entrepreneurship motivation on intention to start a medium and small sport businesses: The role of mediation awareness of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Development Quarterly,15(1). (Persian)
Akuraun, I., Goyit, M., & Dakung. (2019). Entrepreneurship education programme, passion and attitude towards self-employment .Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 1, 64-85.
Baron, R. A. (2008). The role of affect in the entrepreneurial process. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 328-340.
Darini, M., Aghajani Afroozi, A., & Tahmasebi Roshan, N. (2022). Investigating the role of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention of students with the mediating role of self-confidence, attitude and mentality (Case study of students in Mazandaran province). Research in Educational Systems, 16 (56). (Persian)
Faraji Sabkbar, H.A., Malai, N., & Hajri, B. (2015). Spatial analysis of employment pattern in major parts of the rural areas of Iran. Journal of Space Economics and Rural Development, 4 (1), 1-14. (Persian)
Gratton, C., & Solberg, H. A. (2007). The economics of sports broadcasting, Routledge.
Ghiasi, A. R. (2015). The effect of self-efficacy belief and entrepreneurial attitude with entrepreneurial intention of agricultural students and natural resources of Zabol University, Agricultural Education Management Research Quarterly, No. 3.(Persian)
Hashemi, S.Y., Kaseh Gar mohamdi, S., & Mirtalebian, S.M. (2014). Self-efficacy with entrepreneurial attitude and sustainable employment in technical students of West Mazandaran. The first national conference on urban planning, urban management and sustainable development, Tehran. (Persian)
Hasanzadeh, N., & Sohrabi, Z. (2022). Explain the factors affecting the development of sports entrepreneurship; Sociological and ecological approach. Journal of Strategic Sociological Studies in Sport, 2(1). (Persian)
Iyortsuun, A. S., & et al. (2020). Entrepreneurship education programme, passion and attitude towards self-employment. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies.
khoshbakht ahmadi, E., Azimzadeh, S., & Keshtidar, M. (2021). Investigating the Effect of Emotional Persuasion on Intention, Motivation and Change in Attitudes toward Entrepreneurship of Sports Students. New Approaches in Exercise Physiology, 3(5), 149-164. (Persian)
Luthans, F., & et al. (2000). Environmental and psychological challenges facing entrepreneurial development in transitional economies. Journal of World business, 35(1), 95-110.
Mohseni, A., Mousavi, H. & Jamali, M. (2013) The role of entrepreneurship education in entrepreneurial attitude and belief in general self-efficacy of students. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 69, 80-63. (Persian)
Noori Khanyourdi, M., & et al. (2021). Analysis of barriers to entrepreneurship in sports from the perspective of sports experts. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 18(2), 229-250.
Niyazi, P., & Rafie Dehkordi, F. (2022). Presenting a sports entrepreneurship model with a social capital approach based on data foundation theory. Sociological Strategic Studies in Sport, 2(2). (Persian)
Shane, S. (2009). Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policy. Small Business Economics, 33(2), 141-149.
Razavi Mahmoudabadi, S.M. & Zarei Mahmoudabadi, M. (2014). Identification and ranking of factors on entrepreneurship in sports with a coherent approach of multi-criteria analysis and Capland. Journal of Sports Management and Motor Behavior, 23, 113-130. (Persian)
Sharifian, I., Yousefi Zarandi, M.H., & Ghahraman Tabrizi, K. (2016). Obstacles within the sports industry in competition with foreign sports goods. Applied Research in Sports Management, 1(17), 67-75. (Persian)
Svotwa, T. D., & et al. (2022). Perceived access to finance, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, attitude toward entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial ability, and entrepreneurial intentions: A Botswana Youth Perspective. Sage Open, 12(2), 21582440221096437.
Tran, T. V. H., & et al. (2022). UPPS impulsivity, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions among university students: ADHD symptoms as a moderator. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education(ahead-of-print).
Van Gelderen, M., & et al. (2015). From entrepreneurial intentions to actions: Self-control and action-related doubt, fear, and aversion. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(5), 655-673.
Van Kleef, G. A. (2016). The interpersonal dynamics of emotion, Cambridge University Press.
Vega-Gómez, F.I., Miranda González, F.J., Chamorro Mera, A., & Pérez-Mayo, J. (2020). Antecedents of entrepreneurial skills and their influence on the entrepreneurial intention of academics. Journals.sagepub.com/home/sgo,1-14.
Zakari, M., & et al. (2022). Entrepreneurial passion and social entrepreneurial intent: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in Public Universities in Ghana. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(2), 160-167.
Zabihi, H., Shojaei, V., & Hami, M. (2018). Investigating the relationship between skill literacy, academic literacy and sports business success with the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Journal of Applied Research in Sports Management, 7(3), 55-63. (Persian)