One of the main degradation effects of optical fibres with dense channel width and poor chromatic dispersion on the fiber is four-wave mixing (FWM). Cross talk produced by four-wave mixing in optical fibers limits the efficiency of long-distance wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) optical communication systems, which can be regulated for non-linearity purposes in optical telecommunication, particularly when channel wavelengths are set near the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fibers. As a result, a small fiber segment with a high nonlinearity can be used to support the FWM. Using the four-wave mixing method, the experimental set-up of a compact fiber ring laser based on different lengths of nonlinear Bismuth-Erbium doped fiber (Bi-EDF, 181 and 215 cm) is used in this paper. Via the degenerate four-wave mixing effect, these two gain nonlinear media have been successfully used to stabilize a dual-wavelength fiber laser with and without nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (PCF) at room temperature for  and n2 estimation of nonlinear parameters and FWM performance of optical fiber. Experiments show that using a high non-linear bismuth-erbium doped fiber (Bi-EDF) in implementing an FWM program for non-linear PCF parameters has specific and unique benefits. Furthermore, the FWM effect can be used for signal amplification, wavelength transfer, phase conjugation, and high-speed optical switching. The proposed configuration's special function is explained by the Bi-EDF and PCF fiber's coupled relationship in FWM scattering. تفاصيل المقالة

Nowadays, with the advancement of new knowledge and technologies, and also by use of modern and advanced equipment in order to upgrade living standards and industrial development has become very considerable. The presence of an infrared-sensitive detector in an infrared camera enables the infrared beam to be converted into an electrical signal and provides information about the body's thermal conditions to the user. Therefore, in the present study, the design and manufacture of an Infrared Thermometer-based diagnostic sensor have been investigated. The designed device is capable of detecting human or any movement from 2 to 5 meters using two unit of non-contact Passive infrared sensor. In addition, the device has Negative Temperature Coefficient heat resistors, controlling the temperature in convoluted way every second, and displaying the temperature measurement in color and numerically on the liquid crystal display monitor. Micro - Automated Remote Manipulator is designed in C++ language and its algorithms are programmed with Keil software. تفاصيل المقالة