بسیاری از مفاهیم و معناهای فرهنگی ـ اجتماعی و گاه سیاسیِ موجود در بناهای تاریخی پس از آفرینش آثار و در فرایند ارتباط مخاطبان با آن آثار شکل‌گرفته، تأثیر خود را نهاده و در بیشتر موارد پنهان مانده‌است. این مقاله به روش تحلیل گفتمانی، فرایند معناپردازی در ارک/ارگ علیشاه تبریز را در دوره های گوناگون کاویده و به این پرسش پرداخته که چگونه با تغییر در بافت پیرامونی و عناصر مجموعه، معناهای ارک دچار تغییر شده‌است. مجموعه علیشاه در زمان ایلخانی بازنمودی از ارکان اصلی حکومت شامل قدرت سیاسی (کاخ‌ها)، قدرت مذهبی (مسجد جامع بزرگ و خانقاه)، قدرت اقتصادی (راسته اصلی بازار) بوده و در دوره تیموری میزان نشانگی آن با سایر آثار معماری (مجموعه مظفریه و مجموعه صاحب آباد) تعدیل و تقسیم شده‌است. در دوره‌ صفوی ارک با دگرگونی در بافت اولیه و عناصر معماری، بازنمودی مجازی از قدرت نظامی، در دوره قاجار و هم‌زمان با افزایش حس مکان نمادی از مجاهدت‌های ملی و در دوره پهلوی مظهری از ترکیب سنت و مدرنیته بوده‌است. ارک در دوران پس از انقلاب اسلامی علاوه بر بازبافت گردانی (ساخت مصلی بزرگ به جای مسجد نخستین ایلخانی در محوطه شمالی ارک) کارکرد موزه‌ای و گردشگری پیدا کرده‌است. تفاصيل المقالة

Decorative motifs have evolved significantly in the architecture of the Islamic era in terms of form, s‌tructure, aes‌thetic, and doctrinal principles and represent the beliefs of the people in that era. In this s‌tudy, an attempt has been made to provide a new possibility for a deeper analysis of common animal motifs in the Islamic periods of Safavid and Qajar with an intertextuality approach (with the help of logical reasoning and the Delphi method) to perceive decorative motifs. Therefore, the intertextuality relations between the motifs of the two his‌torical tombs of the Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili complex (Safavid period) and the holy shrine Imam Reza (AS) (Qajar period) were analyzed. According to the findings, the animal motifs identified with intertextual relations included peacock (11 cases), cow (2 cases), pheasant (16 cases), duck (1 case), and dragon (16 cases). In all the motifs of the buildings, the pretext type was of the exclusive type, and the hypertext type was of the transformation type. In addition, in peacock, pheasant, and dragon motifs, the larges‌t number of additional subs‌titution, subs‌titution, and subs‌titutional -ellipsis types were observed, respectively. It seems that in selected buildings of the Safavid and Qajar periods, the change in the colors of animal motifs is more evident than in other dimensions of intertextuality. This change has had an impact on the spiritual and mys‌tical content of the motifs, and somehow, in addition to the mys‌tical and spiritual content, attention to material aspects (increase in wealth and abundance of blessings) has been considered in the use of various colors. تفاصيل المقالة

The brick ornamentation in Islamic architecture represents the unique skill of the architectural artists and we have seen the perfection of this kind of art during the Seljuk period. There is little information about the process of developing brick art in the architecture of Islamic mosque in Iran, and it has not yet been dealt with as it is worthy of this precious art. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research in this regard due to its importance in Iranian architecture. In this research, through library studies and with a descriptive-analytical approach, the trend of development of bricks ornament in the architecture of the Islamic mosques of Iran from the beginning to the end of the Ilkhan era, as well as the causes of importance and development to the bricks of the Seljuk period were studied. The brickwork decoration in the Islamic architecture of Iran gradually begins from the third century A.H. Generally speaking, the early Islamic centuries can be considered as the formation and development of brickwork ornamentation, which reaches its peak in the Seljuk era, thus the richest brick-making projects develops in this era, because during this period, artists managed to create numerous works and structures with the element due to the calm and stability of the Seljuk territory. After this period, bricklaying works continued during the Kharazmshahi era in the Khorasan area, and in the course of the Ilkhani period, its development was reduced and other techniques such as acrography and tiling were popularized. تفاصيل المقالة