BACKGROUND: Barley is one of the main important crops in the world, mainly used for animal feed and malt. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the comparisons of seed yield and its components, phenological and physiological traits of different barley cultivars under Lorestan environmental condition. METHODS: Current research was carried out according Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications in Lorestan environmental condition, Iran during 2017-2018. Treatment included eight barley cultivars (EDCI-7, Nimruz, Armaghan, Jolge, Bahman, Waxima, Vilma, Nosrat and Goharan). RESULT: According results of analysis of variance the effect of cultivar treatment on day to tillering, day to stem elongation, day to flowering, day to physiological maturity, day to harvesting, plant height, spike length, awn length, number of tiller per plant, number of plant per m2, number of spike per plant, number of spike per m2, number of awn per spike, number of seed per spike, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index was significant. The mean comparison result revealed that highest phenological periods were related to Bahman cultivar (223 and 250 days to physiological maturity and harvesting respectively). Also the higher yield components were related to Armaghan and Bahman cultivars. Maximum seed yield and biological yield was recorded for Armaghan cultivar (3660 kg.ha-1 seed yield) and Bahman cultivar (11741 kg.ha-1 biological yield). But the minimum amount of seed yield and biological yield were recorded in Goharan and EDCI-7 cultivars. CONCLUSION: Finally based on result of current research between all studied barley cultivars, the Armaghan had the highest seed yield and can proposed to producers for cultivation in Lorestan environmental condition. تفاصيل المقالة