به‌دلیل تغییرات پیش‌آمده سبک زندگی در قرن گذشته، خانه‌های سنتی به طرز فاجعه‌آمیزی در معرض تخریب قرار دارند. با توجه به اینکه بخش اعظم بناهای تاریخی را خانه‌های سنتی تشکیل می‌دهند، می‌توان به اهمیت بررسی و توجه به این نوع بناها پی برد. بنابراین، مسأله شناخت خانه‌های سنتی و دسته‌بندی الگوهای بکار رفته در آن‌ها، جهت شناخت و دسته‌بندی بناهای مشابه می‌تواند حائز اهمیت باشد. هدف از این پژوهش، تشویق به بازگشت گذشته و تقلید از معماری سنتی نیست؛ بلکه پاسداشت این گنجینه گران‌بهای تاریخی و دریافت چگونگی رخت بربستن مفاهیم فضایی گرانقدر این خانه‌ها می‌باشد. به دلیل آنکه بیشترین تعداد خانه‌های تاریخی موجود در کرمانشاه و سنندج، قاجاری و پهلوی می‌باشند، در این مقاله، به مطالعه تطبیقی خانه‌های دورة قاجار و پهلوی پرداخته شده است، روش تحقیق مورد استفاده ترکیبی می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که آیا یافته‌های حاصل از بررسی معماری سنتی خانه‌ها می‌تواند به برگیری الگویی جهت طراحی امروزی راهگشا باشد یا خیر؟ در نهایت، یافته این پژوهش این بوده است که توجه به عناصر تشکیل دهنده خانه‌های سنتی به دلیل انعطاف‌پذیری با خواسته‌های امروزی توان پاسخگویی به برگیری الگویی جهت طراحی به روز را خواهد داشت. تفاصيل المقالة

Traditional houses are catastrophically destroyed due to lifestyle changes over the centuries. Considering that most of the historical buildings are traditional houses, it is possible to understand the importance of studying and paying attention to this type of building. Therefore, the issue of sorting traditional houses and classifying the patterns used in them can be important for identifying and classifying similar buildings. In this research, which has been done through analytical method and in a part of historical interpretation of the study of buildings, an attempt is made to study the types of traditional houses in Kermanshah. The purpose of this study is to identify the species in the houses of Kermanshah in the Qajar period. The reason for choosing this city and this period is access to specimens and the existence of species. The home is a place where the occupants do not feel uncomfortable, and inside the house or where the wife and children live, there should be a lot of variety so that they do not feel tired. Finally, the finding of this study was that paying attention to the elements of traditional houses due to flexibility with today's demands will be able to respond to a pattern for up-to-date design. There are two types of houses, introverted and extroverted, but in some cases, due to the passage of time and lifestyle changes, the type of species has changed. تفاصيل المقالة

Stressful life and reduced well-being have always been an issue of lifestyle in modern society. Constructing a multidisciplinary conceptual framework of environmental tranquility and quality of life is required for the field of architectural development, improved environmental quality, and enhanced human well-being. This paper reviews the main concepts of tranquility, environmental quality, and quality of life and presents examples of the relevant underlying conceptual models. Environmental tranquility has been researched quite broadly and therefore defined in a variety of ways. In this study, various definitions of the concept are reviewed and synthesized into a descriptive model based on the relationship among human needs, environment, and tranquility, depending on environmental, architectural, and urban features. The present study adheres to a qualitative exploratory design and uses content analysis based on an interpretive paradigm. For data collection, we employed a documentary and library method together with an argumentative approach to deepen the understanding of the issue and provide a descriptive model of environmental tranquility based on the theoretical grounds of tranquility in the fields of environmental psychology, social sciences, applied acoustics and landscape, and urban planning. The framework organizes the related concepts of environmental tranquility‎ in relation to human needs in terms of spiritual, psychological, social, and physical environment features. Finally, the model of environmental tranquility is presented according to the authors' perception of previous models. In our suggested model, all environment types have reciprocal relationship with tranquility, and the highest type of tranquility is considered the Reassured Soul and Genius Loci‎ that is more permanent and effective. Besides, the model depicts a multidimensional and conceptual definition of tranquility in relation to environment, human, and architectural-urban features. This study may offer helpful insights to stimulate new research, investigate multidimensionality, create operational definitions for quantitative studies, and guide semi-structured interviews for qualitative interdisciplinary studies. تفاصيل المقالة

The consequences of unplanned expansion and the lack of specific design criteria for materialization have caused the situation of material saturation and ups and downs of life within the material, and in some cases have led to the phenomenon of the death of the material or its change of use. This research tries to identify factors that have an effective role in creating vitality in property. In order to achieve this purpose, 30 semi-structured interviews were conducted with buyers in Kuroosh, Palladium, Sana, Arg, Tiraje commercial complexes with the qualitative method and grand theory approach. the data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding methods, and finally, the context-based model of environmental vitality in the malls of Tehran city is presented. According to the results of this research, finance is lively, which has lively patterns (variety of users and bodies, physical and visual permeability, organization (positioning and readability), standards and conditions), lively ideas (sense of belonging, meaning, security), lively activities. (participation, activities, attraction). Also, among the factors interfering with the vitality of commercial spaces are complex planning (goods, target groups, auctions, celebrations and contests, film screenings...), media and advertisements, infectious diseases, official holidays and seasonal changes, design criteria and standards and Background factors affecting the vitality of commercial spaces include the economic characteristics of shopping (macro and micro, sanctions, people's purchasing power, income, occupation, economic class, etc.), social characteristics and Shopping culture (lifestyle, consumerism and fashionism, culture of buyers and sellers, cultural class of people, quality of life, etc.) can be mentioned. Also, the abundance of codes in the maxqda software shows that the factors of accessibility and permeability, the existence of spatial diversity, especially for recreational spaces, those that attract people to stay in the malls, have the greatest impact on the vitality of the mall. تفاصيل المقالة

به‌دلیل تغییرات پیش‌آمده سبک زندگی در قرن گذشته، خانه‌های سنتی به طرز فاجعه‌آمیزی در معرض تخریب قرار دارند. با توجه به اینکه بخش اعظم بناهای تاریخی را خانه‌های سنتی تشکیل می‌دهند، می‌توان به اهمیت بررسی و توجه به این نوع بناها پی برد. بنابراین، مسأله شناخت خانه‌های سنتی و دسته‌بندی الگوهای بکار رفته در آن‌ها، جهت شناخت و دسته‌بندی بناهای مشابه می‌تواند حائز اهمیت باشد. هدف از این پژوهش، تشویق به بازگشت گذشته و تقلید از معماری سنتی نیست؛ بلکه پاسداشت این گنجینه گران‌بهای تاریخی و دریافت چگونگی رخت بربستن مفاهیم فضایی گرانقدر این خانه‌ها می‌باشد. به دلیل آنکه بیشترین تعداد خانه‌های تاریخی موجود در کرمانشاه و سنندج، قاجاری و پهلوی می‌باشند، در این مقاله، به مطالعه تطبیقی خانه‌های دورة قاجار و پهلوی پرداخته شده است، روش تحقیق مورد استفاده ترکیبی می‌باشد. پژوهش حاضر در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که آیا یافته‌های حاصل از بررسی معماری سنتی خانه‌ها می‌تواند به برگیری الگویی جهت طراحی امروزی راهگشا باشد یا خیر؟ در نهایت، یافته این پژوهش این بوده است که توجه به عناصر تشکیل دهنده خانه‌های سنتی به دلیل انعطاف‌پذیری با خواسته‌های امروزی توان پاسخگویی به برگیری الگویی جهت طراحی به روز را خواهد داشت. تفاصيل المقالة