The major objectives of this research were to develop an understanding of what policy/syllabus documents inform teaching English to student practices, indicate the main pedagogies that English teachers use, and enhance our understanding of these teachers’ responsibilities and roles. The research was carried out on a sample of 728 English teachers from junior and senior high school in 32 provinces of Iran. Self-reporting questionnaires were conducted as a survey method. The results of this study indicate those teachers’ beliefs about learning and teaching might extremely conflict with those of policymakers’ attitudes and perceptions in these areas. It is apparent that the general language level of Just over half the sample (53%) of teachers is lower than intermediate. The in-service and pre-service training offered to English teachers requires to be considerably strengthened. A wide range of materials for teaching students at schools is required. As a consequence of, a gap between classroom practice and pedagogic policy the curricula and pedagogies underpinning the teaching of EFL students also need some changes. Overall, the evidences from this study recommend that current Iranian practice in teaching English to students in schools should be modified. Present study has important implications for future practice. تفاصيل المقالة

This study was undertaken to investigate the accountability of implementing dynamic assessment (DA) on Iranian high school students’ autonomy and reading comprehension development. To this end, 60 Iranian male students from two public vocational high schools in Guilan, Sowme’eh Sara took part in this study. To gather the required data, two instruments were used including an autonomy questionnaire and a reading comprehension test. To conduct the study, the participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group (N=30) and a control group (N=30). Before the academic term, the pre-tests (autonomy and reading) were administered. Then, during the academic term, the experimental group was exposed to a sandwich format dynamic assessment which consists of three phases: pre-test, mediation, and post-test. The control group was exposed to conventional teaching practice. After ending the academic term, the post-tests (autonomy and reading) were administered again. The driven data through pre-and post-tests of this study were analyzed through SPSS software. The results of the study indicated that implementing DA had a statistically significant effect on Iranian high school students’ autonomy and reading skill development. This study has some implications for EFL teachers, students, and language syllabus designers. تفاصيل المقالة

The major objectives of this research were to develop an understanding of the challenges faced by English teachers in Iranian schools and their training. The research was carried out on a sample of 728 English teachers from junior and senior high school in 32 provinces of Iran. Self-reporting questionnaires were conducted as a survey method. The results of this study indicate that the biggest challenges faced by English teachers seems to be teaching mixed level classes, managing behavior discipline, choosing appropriate activities and materials, and relating to students. Around one-thirds of teachers had no pre-service training in teaching English prior to teach students; the problem is compounded by lack of support and in-service training, three-fourths of teachers didn’t have any in-service training. Approximately half of those surveyed did not have probationary periods; in addition, four-fifth of them had no support during their first of teaching. Overall, Many teachers felt not well prepared for teaching English. Overall, the evidences from this study recommend that current teachers’ training programs should be modified and outlines some recommendation to overcome these challenges. تفاصيل المقالة

This research aimed to study four translations of Saadi’s Gulistan by four English translators during three centuries in England, from the 19th to the 21st centuries, namely Gladwin (1806), Burton (1888), Platts (1904), and Thackston (2008) in terms of Transcreation and Althusser’s Ideology, in order to find the effect of the dominant ideology of England on the translators while rendering a piece of Persian literature. In this descriptive study, 30 anecdotes selected purposefully were examined. All the relevant features were extracted, compared, and contrasted with the original and subsequently the data were analyzed using the chi-square procedure. The result indicated no significant difference among the translations in question in terms of ideology and transcreation although huge differences among some elements are perceivable, which could provide significant evidence in the existence of hidden ideology in the translations in question. Moreover, transcreation was most frequently used in Thanckston’s translation while Gladwin’s had the highest frequency of ISA. تفاصيل المقالة

Using observation and a semi-structured interview technique, this study aimed at finding the English learning problems of ESP students in engineering departments of Islamic Azad universities across Mazandaran province from the perspectives of 64 ESP students and 32 ESP teachers in 33 classes who were selected through convenience sampling method. The procedure used for the observation was a narrative summary which included a comprehensive view of the recorded main events in the summary. The results of the study indicated that there are different types of problems in ESP classes which are related to six main categories: Academic setting, ESP teachers, ESP students, ESP materials, ESP teaching methods, and ESP testing methods. The findings of this research are hoped to provide clear insights for ESP instructors around the problems of ESP programs and motivate material developers and Azad University educational headquarters to find a good way to eliminate these problems and improve the quality of ESP courses for engineering students. تفاصيل المقالة