Allelopathy is one of the main factors limiting the plants growth. The present study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of leaves and fruit of Artemisia sieberi that is an important species for rangeland rehabilitation on seed germination and seedling growth of three alfalfa species (Medicago sativa cv. Nikshahri,‌ Medicago polymorpha and Medicago scutellata cv. Robinson) in laboratory and glasshouse. Treatments were five concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 100% Artemisia extract. Treatments were evaluated using a completely randomized factorial experiment in four replications in germinator and pots separately (2014). Data were collected and analyzed for the germination percent, germination rate, seedling length, seedling weight and seed vigor index. Means comparisons were made using Duncan test. The results showed significant differences between extract concentrations of Artemisia on all of traits in both growth conditions (P<0.05). There was a decrease trend for all of the traits. Germination percent of M. polymorpha was stopped in low concentration of Artemisia extracts (25%) whereas there were linear decreasing trends for the other specie until irrigation by 100% extraction. M. sativa had a higher germination rate and M. scutellata had higher vigor index values in all the treatments. Results of the study indicated that Artemisia had strong allelopathic effects and prevents from the germination and seedling growth of alfalfa. تفاصيل المقالة

Cultural ecology is a knowledge that examines the cultural aspects of the relationship between human being and its surrounding. In this regard, this study with a qualitative method and a naturalistic approach using a technique that focused on groups and also a profound interview has investigated indigenous ecological knowledge to manage the herds in Olad village, Andika town, Khuzestan province, Iran, 2016. The findings of the study showed that the people living in this village for many years use their local knowledge in order to interact with the surrounding environment, breeding and keeping livestock in various pasture. They also divide the pastures based on recognizing the need in any physiological stage of livestock. In this regard, they acquired ecological memory in the field of livestock identification. They also have acquired indigenous knowledge in all fields, including mating and calving, time management, taking care of lambs, young goats, breastfeeding or milking, and forming the structure and composition of the herds according to the cultural and environmental conditions. They have a pity on the treatment of livestock and culture of collaboration and co-operation in using pastures. Ultimately, the present study confirmed the protective aspects, and economic, social, cultural and indigenous knowledge of villagers in order to express their potential natural resources and also upgrade their development physically and spiritually. It has been stated that indigenous ecological knowledge of herders plays an important role in the stability of land and livestock management and also all natural fields. تفاصيل المقالة

تغییر در شیوه زندگی برای یک قشر کم درآمد پیامدهای زیادی به همراه دارد خصوصا زمانی که منجر به از دست دادن یا تغییر شغل و حرفه اولیه درآمد می‌شود. از آنجایی که عشایر یک قشر کم درآمد و سازگار با شرایط سخت زندگی هستند پیش‌ بینی می‌‌شود با اسکان عشایر و تغییر شرایط زندگی از کوچ نشینی به یکجانشینی تغییر یافته شرایط اقتصادی نیز دچار تغییر شود. در این راستا مطالعه حاضر به بررسی تغییرات اقتصادی عشایر اسکان ایلشهر پرداخته است.روش تحقیق ترکیبی از روش‌های میدانی، اسنادی و تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری130 خانوار می‌باشد که با توجه به فرمول کوکران 55 خانوار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان داد که اسکان در بعد اقتصادی سبب کم شدن تعداد دام ها، تغییر منبعدرآمد از دامداری به کشاورزی، اشتغال، پس انداز بیشتر ساکنان و تا حدودی سبب بهبودی شرایط اقتصادی گردیده است همچنین هزینه‌های خانوارها در مقایسه با زمان قبل از اسکان بسیار افزایش یافته است. تفاصيل المقالة