In recent years, research in the field of pharmaceutical sciences has led to the design of drugs for various diseases. But for the treatment of some diseases, drugs with high side effects and low efficiency are used. Designing targeted drug release systems is one of the solutions to this problem. These systems can deliver a controlled amount of drug to the target cell or tissue. In this paper, drug release was simulated in a screw model designed in Comsol software for orthopedic applications. The purpose of this simulation is to investigate the distribution of the drug concentration on the screw in the surrounding chamber over time. To simulate drug release in a fluid, Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible fluid are used for fluid velocity and pressure, as well as mass transfer equations for the drug concentration distribution. A tetrahedral mesh is used for meshing the model. This simulation is performed in a time-dependent manner for 72 hours with time steps of 0.1 hours. The equations have been solved directly with the PARDISO solver. The obtained results show that drug distribution changes exponentially. As can be seen, the first release of the drug was incremental to 50 hours, and after the release amount, it reached a constant and maximum value. تفاصيل المقالة

In this research, the anomaly of flatfoot was initially introduced, followed by an examination of both traditional and new methods for designing and manufacturing orthotic insoles suitable for it. Regarding this matter, the design and construction of orthotic insoles using a stamp as a traditional method was introduced, and subsequently, the step-by-step elucidation of new methods, including foot scanning and the utilization of smart orthotic insoles in designing and manufacturing insoles suitable for flatfoot, was carried out. In both of these new methods, the design and construction of appropriate orthotic insoles involved the transfer of information obtained from the foot to relevant software and their subsequent processing. This research, while explaining the mentioned methods, described how to use engineering design software in designing and manufacturing orthotic insoles suitable for flatfoot. In conclusion, the results obtained from all three manufacturing methods were presented and compared to ascertain the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. تفاصيل المقالة