Pressure gradient of a two phase mixture in a horizontal pipe were experimentally investigated for water/super viscose oil mixtures. The mixture contained oil having a viscosity of 67 cp and density of 0.872 g/cm3, and pure water, flowing through an acrylic pipe having a length and diameter of 6 m and 20 mm, respectively. A high speed digital camera has been used to record visual information. Superficial velocities of water and oil were in the range between 0.18–1.2 m/s and 0.18–0.95 m/s, respectively. The experimental pressure gradient has been compared to the Al-Wahaibi correlation and two-fluid model. The absolute average error for the “two-fluid model” and Al-Wahaibi correlation have been calculated for 30% and 12%, respectively. In this investigation, a new modified correlation is developed on the basis of the Al-Wahaibi correlation, that predicts the values of pressure gradient with an absolute average error of about 9%. The pressure gradient correlation was validated extensively against 11 independent data sources. To our knowledge, this is the best pressure gradient furmola that is published for oil–water flow which includes wide range of operational conditions including fluid properties, pipe diameters and pipe materials. One of the advantages of the new proposed formula is that it also performs well for super viscosity oils. تفاصيل المقالة

Perovskite oxides possessing high stability and composition adjustability are effective in many applications. The La2BMnO6 (B=Co, Ni) double perovskite oxides were synthesized using the sol-gel method and deposited on MgO support (loading = 10, 20, and 30 wt. %) using a mechanical mixing method by an ultrasonic device. The elaborated samples were investigated for application in propane deep oxidation. The catalytic performance of these catalysts was analyzed by a variety of characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, TEM, and H2-TPR. Ni-containing catalysts were found to have superior catalytic activity than the sample containing Co. The lowest catalytic activity belonged to the cobalt-containing double perovskite with 10 wt.% loading on MgO support, while the highest conversion was related to the 20La2NiMnO6/MgO composite oxide with T90 = 434 °C. The support showed a positive impact on the performance of the catalysts. Deposition of a certain amount of perovskite oxides on the support boosted the specific surface area of the catalyst and, therefore, combined with improved reducibility, improved propane catalytic degradation. تفاصيل المقالة