Forging is a manufacturing process that consists of shaping the metal using localized compression forces. The blows are delivered with a hammer (often an electric hammer) or a die. In this paper, different methods of forging (multi-directional forging, hot forging, near-beta forging, multi-axial forging, direct powder forging, warm forging and ring forging) are discussed. The main problems that may be encountered by users are investigated. In some cases, the problems are being solved by researchers in which the process is presented. Afterwards, one of the main applications of forging process, blade forging, is discussed. Furthermore, forging process’s effect on mechanical properties of components has been investigated. In this review paper, readers could find important information about forging process and get familiar with some forging methods and their impact on the properties of the components. And readers also can develop some ideas about how to solve the main obstacles of forging process. تفاصيل المقالة

The drug making resreach has accentuated on extrusion technology for a long time. The advance of drug bioavailibility, bead manufacturing and granulation is assured by extrusion procedures. There are also diverse effects in resereches with respect to the use of process understanging as a tool in quality management. Many initiatives of FDA such as PAT and QBD are getting accepted. In this survey a corotating twin-screw extruder was facilitated with a torque gauge as a tool to monitor the process. The experimental arrangements were qualified based on the ICH instructions. The extrusion torque has a relation with the water content in a wet extrusion process. Besides, a process of pelletisation was done utilizing various formulations in wet spheronization. There found the relationship between the torque on the screws and the form of the pellet. In a nutshell, the torque proved to be a very good extrusion criteria for monitoring processes of wet extrusion تفاصيل المقالة