Improvement of Fuel Cells Dynamic Response in Micro-Grids Using Ultra Capacitors
الموضوعات :Pouria Maghouli 1 , Hossein Refahi 2
1 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shahed University, 3319118651, Tehran, Iran
2 - Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shahed University, 3319118651, Tehran, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: fuel cell, Ultra-Capacitor (UC), PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell), Double layer effect, Utilization Factor (UF),
ملخص المقالة :
Fuel Cells do not respond to higher frequency contents of load changes due to their inherent large time constants; thus, if any disturbance occurs in the system loading, it would cause negative effects on power quality of the system. This is especially of high importance in microgrids which contain critical loads with low inertia requirements. Sudden changes in load points could cause significant frequency and voltage variations. Hence, proper measures such as energy storage systems should be taken into microgrids for improving their stability. In this paper, a new method based on Ultra-Capacitor (UC) with bidirectional converter has been proposed to solve this drawback of fuel cells. The UC is used to modify the system's frequency response with a fast and efficient controller. The proposed method is simulated for a sample test system in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and results are presented to illustrate its performance. Based on the results, the system can manage its frequency and voltage variations effectively by the proposed configuration.
[1] R. M. Kamel, A. Chaouachi, K. Nagasaka 'Three control strategies to improve the microgrid transient dynamic response during isolated mode: A comparative study", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(4)(2013): 1314-1322.
[2] A. Ghazanfari, M. Hamzeh," Active power management of multi hybrid fuel cell/super capacitor power conversion system in a medium voltage microgrid", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3(4)(2012): 1903-1910.
[3] J. J. Moré; P. F. Puleston; C. Kunusch; M. AlluéFantova, "Development and implementation of a supervisor strategy and sliding mode control setup for fuel-cell-based hybrid generation systems", IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 30(1)(2015): 218-225.
[4] Z. Jiang and R. A. Dougal, " A hybrid fuel cell power supply with rapid dynamic response and high peak-power capacity," Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 1-6, 2006.
[5] J. L. Durán-Gómez, Prasad N. Enjeti and A. V. Jouanne," An approach to achieve ride-through of an adjustable-speed drive With flyback converter modules powered by super capacitors, " IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, 38(2)(2002): 514-522 .
[6] S. Pay, and Y. Baghzouz, " Effectiveness of battery-supercapacitor combination in electric vehicles", IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference, 2003
[7] M. Harfman-Todorovic, M. Chellappan, L. Palma, and P. Enjeti," The role of super capacitors in designing fuel-cell powered portable applications ", IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2008.
[8] J. R. Meacham, F. Jabbari, J. Brouwer, J. L. Mauzey and G. S. Samuelsen, " Analysis of stationary fuel cell dynamic ramping capabilities and ultra capacitor energy storage using high resolution demand data, "Journal of Power Sources, 156 (2006): 472–479
[9] O. Erdinc, B. Vural and M. Uzunoglu, "A wavelet-fuzzy logic based energy management strategy for a fuel cell/battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid vehicular power system ", Journal of Power Sources, 194 (2009): 369–380
[10] Y. Zhang, L. Wu, X. Hu and H. Lia, " Model and control for super capacitor-based energy storage system for metro vehicles,” Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2008.
