بررسی اثر برخی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی اسانس گیاه دارویی آویشن
الموضوعات :
1 - دانشیار، گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: اسانس, آویشن باغی, کود شیمیایی, کود آلی,
ملخص المقالة :
باتوجه به نقش بسیار ارزشمند و مهم کودهای آلی در تولید کمی و کیفی گیاهان دارویی و نقش ارزشمند این گیاهان در صنایع غذایی، این تحقیق جهت بررسی اثرات کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر میزان تولید اسانس و ترکیبات مؤثره اسانس گیاه دارویی آویشن باغی در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی 1399 و 1400 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد انجام شد. تیمارها شامل تیمار شاهد (عدم کود دهی)، کودهای اسبی، گوسفندی، گاوی، مرغی، ورمی‌کمپوست و کود کامل شیمیایی بود. هر کدام از کودهای دامی و ورمی‌کمپوست به میزان 20 تن در هکتار در زمان تهیه بستر و کود کامل یوروسالید به میزان 5/1 گرم در یک لیتر آب، به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی دوبار با فاصله زمانی 3 هفته بعد از مرحله 10 برگی شدن گیاه؛ استفاده شدند. شاخسار هوایی نمونه‌های گیاهی، قبل از زمان گلدهی در زمان اوج رویش (252-270 برگی) و ابتدای گلدهی به طور جداگانه از هر کدام از تیمارهای مورد بررسی در انتهای مرداد ماه تهیه شدند. 1000 گرم از ساختار هوایی در هر تکرار با آب ترکیب گردیده و اسانس‌گیری به روش تقطیر با بخار آب توسط دستگاه کلونجر و شناسایی ترکیبات اسانس توسط کروماتوگرافی گازی صورت گرفت. بیشترین میزان وزن خشک (1/17±352 گرم در مترمربع در سال نخست و 9/18±04/359 گرم در مترمربع در سال دوم) و اسانس (1/0±91/0 درصد در سال اول و 01/0 ±1/1 درصد در سال دوم) متعلق به تیمار کود کامل بود که هم‌گروه با کود مرغی و ورمی‌کمپوست قرار گرفت. چهار ترکیب کارواکرول، پاراسیمن، گاماترپینن و تیمیل استات از دسته مونوترپن‌های حلقوی در تیمارهای مختلف بیش از 60 درصد از ترکیبات اسانس را به خود اختصاص دادند. تعداد 29 ترکیب مؤثره در اسانس تمام نمونه‌های گیاهی تحت تیمارهای مختلف بدست آمد.
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