مطالعه دانش بومی گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده در روستای چهارچشمه ( شهرستان خمین، استان مرکزی)
الموضوعات :
شبنم عباسی
1
(استادیار، گروه آموزش زیست شناسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، صندوق پستی 889-14665 تهران، ایران)
زینب بدخشان
2
(دبیر رسمی زیست شناسی، آموزش و پرورش منطقه 18، تهران، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: گیاه مردم شناسی, اختلالات گوارشی, درمان, مصاحبه,
ملخص المقالة :
اتنوبوتانی به عنوان شاخه¬¬ای از دانش بومی، به بررسی چگونگی استفاده افراد یک قوم یا جامعه از گیاهان يک منطقه می‌پردازد. علي¬رغم پیشرفت‌های عظیم در تولید داروهای شیمیایی، استفاده از داروهای گیاهی و سنتی همچنان کارآمد و غیرقابل جایگزین به نظر می‌رسد. هدف از این پژوهش، شناخت گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده مردم در روستای چهارچشمه از توابع استان مرکزی است. بدين منظور ابتدا با استفاده از روش پیمایش صحرایی لیست فلورستیک منطقه مورد نظر تهیه گردید و سپس با استفاده از پرسش¬نامه¬هايي، دانش بومی اهالی منطقه نظير نام محلی گياه، اندام مورداستفاده، طريقۀ مصرف و کاربرد گياهان دارويي منطقه از طریق روش های مصاحبه آزاد، نیمه ساختار یافته و مشارکتی با افراد بومی به‌دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، تعداد 41 گونه گیاهی متعلق به تعداد 17 خانواده مورد استفاده مردم روستای چهار چشمه قرار می¬گیرند. از این میان، خانواده¬های Lamiaceae، Fabaceae، Asteraceae و Apiaceae از بیشترین اهمیت برخوردارند. بالاترین مقدار فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC) به‌ترتیب متعلق به گونه های چای کوهی (85/0)، پونه (76/0)، آویشن (75/0) و نعناع (72/0) بود. شایع‌ترین کاربرد این گیاهان دارویی جهت رفع اختلالات گوارشی و تنفسی بود. مردم این منطقه از این گیاهان دارویی بیشتر به‌صورت جوشانده، عرق‌گیری، استفاده موضعی و پودر بهره می‌برند. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق می¬توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از دانش بومی اهالی روستای چهارچشمه می‌تواند جهت ارتقاء آگاهی افراد امروزی در زمینه بهره¬برداری از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان جایگزینی براي داروهای شیمیایی تلقي گردد و در صنعت داروسازی نیز می‌توان از این ترکیبات طبیعی برای کاهش عوارض ناشی از مواد شیمیایی بهره جست.
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