مطالعه دانش بومی گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده در روستای چهارچشمه ( شهرستان خمین، استان مرکزی)
الموضوعات :
1 - استادیار، گروه آموزش زیست شناسی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، صندوق پستی 889-14665 تهران، ایران
2 - دبیر رسمی زیست شناسی، آموزش و پرورش منطقه 18، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: گیاه مردم شناسی, اختلالات گوارشی, درمان, مصاحبه,
ملخص المقالة :
اتنوبوتانی به عنوان شاخه¬¬ای از دانش بومی، به بررسی چگونگی استفاده افراد یک قوم یا جامعه از گیاهان يک منطقه می‌پردازد. علي¬رغم پیشرفت‌های عظیم در تولید داروهای شیمیایی، استفاده از داروهای گیاهی و سنتی همچنان کارآمد و غیرقابل جایگزین به نظر می‌رسد. هدف از این پژوهش، شناخت گیاهان دارویی مورد استفاده مردم در روستای چهارچشمه از توابع استان مرکزی است. بدين منظور ابتدا با استفاده از روش پیمایش صحرایی لیست فلورستیک منطقه مورد نظر تهیه گردید و سپس با استفاده از پرسش¬نامه¬هايي، دانش بومی اهالی منطقه نظير نام محلی گياه، اندام مورداستفاده، طريقۀ مصرف و کاربرد گياهان دارويي منطقه از طریق روش های مصاحبه آزاد، نیمه ساختار یافته و مشارکتی با افراد بومی به‌دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، تعداد 41 گونه گیاهی متعلق به تعداد 17 خانواده مورد استفاده مردم روستای چهار چشمه قرار می¬گیرند. از این میان، خانواده¬های Lamiaceae، Fabaceae، Asteraceae و Apiaceae از بیشترین اهمیت برخوردارند. بالاترین مقدار فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC) به‌ترتیب متعلق به گونه های چای کوهی (85/0)، پونه (76/0)، آویشن (75/0) و نعناع (72/0) بود. شایع‌ترین کاربرد این گیاهان دارویی جهت رفع اختلالات گوارشی و تنفسی بود. مردم این منطقه از این گیاهان دارویی بیشتر به‌صورت جوشانده، عرق‌گیری، استفاده موضعی و پودر بهره می‌برند. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق می¬توان نتیجه گرفت که استفاده از دانش بومی اهالی روستای چهارچشمه می‌تواند جهت ارتقاء آگاهی افراد امروزی در زمینه بهره¬برداری از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان جایگزینی براي داروهای شیمیایی تلقي گردد و در صنعت داروسازی نیز می‌توان از این ترکیبات طبیعی برای کاهش عوارض ناشی از مواد شیمیایی بهره جست.
Abbasi gharacheh narloo., M., and Pahlavansharif. M. 2017. Anthropological Study in Traditional Herbal Medicine In Markazi provice (Case study: Mahallat city). Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine. 8(2): 283-296.
Abdi, N., Abdi, M., and Hasan Zadeh, S. 2010. Introduction of medicinal plants in Arak county. New Finding in Agriculture. 5(1): 37-54.
Abtahi, F.S. 2019. Ethnobotanical Study of some medicinal plants of Shazand city in Markazi province, Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 18(70):197-211.
Abtahi, F., and Mohammadi, F. 2017. Ethnobotanical collection and investigation of a selection of plants from the city of Toure (study area: Basri village, Lanjroud and Hesar). The first national conference on new opportunities for production and employment in the agricultural sector in the east of the country (in line with the goals of the resistance economy). Birjand, Iran.
Amirahmadi, A., Ghamari, F., and Naderi, R. 2023. An ethnobotanical study in some villages of Semnan County. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 11(3): 79-98.
Amrollahi, A., Forouzeh, M. R., Barani, H., and Yeganeh, H. 2020. Study about Indigenous knowledge of plants in Goghar Baft rangelands, Kerman province. Indigenous Knowledge. 7(14): 369-424.
Arraji, M., Al Wachami, N., Boumendil, K., Chebabe, M., Mochhoury, L., Laamiri, F. Z., Barkaoui, M., and Chahboune, M. 2024. Ethnobotanical survey on herbal remedies for the management of type 2 diabetes in the Casablanca-Settat region, Morocco. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 24(1):160.
Assadi, M. (ed.). 1989-2016. Flora of Iran. Vol. 1-85, Tehran: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR).
Banderkhani, F., and Rabizadeh, F. 2020. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Sian Sofla village, Khomein city, Markazi province. 21st National Congress and 9th International Congress of Biology of Iran, Semnan University, Iran.
Bozkurt, A. E. 2024. Therapeutic uses of the medicinal plants growing in the villages of Yakutiye district, Erzurum, Türkiye. Journal of Herbal Medicine. 44: 100853.
Buso, P., Manfredini, S., Reza Ahmadi-Ashtiani, H., Sciabica, S., Buzzi, R., Vertuani, S., and Baldisserotto, A. 2020. Iranian medicinal plants: from ethnomedicine to actual studies. Medicina. 56(3): 97.
Danaei Fard, H., Alvani, S. M., and Azar, A. 2004. Methodology of qualitative research in management: A comprehensive approach. First Printing, Tehran: Publication of Saffar.
de Santayana, M. P., Pieroni, A., and Puri, R. K. (Eds.). 2010. Ethnobotany in the new Europe: people, health, and wild plant resources (Vol. 14). Berghahn Books.
Emre, G., Dogan, A., Haznedaroglu, M. Z., Senkardes, I., Ulger, M., Satiroglu, A, Emmez, B. C., and Tugay, O. 2021. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Mersin (Turkey). Frontiers in Pharmacology. 12: 664500.
Ganesan, K., and Baojun, X. 2017. Ethnobotanical studies on folkloric medicinal plants in Nainamalai, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India. Trends in Phytochemical Research. 1(3): 153-168.
Gholipour, A., Ghorbani Nohooji, M., Rasuli, N., and Habibi, M. 2014. An Ethnobotanical Study on the Medicinal Plants of Zarm-rood Rural District of Neka (Mazandaran Province). Journal of Medicinal Plant. 13(52) :101-121.
Haerinasab, M., and Abbasi, S. 2019. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants and introduction to some poisonous plant species of Ardestan (Isfahan province). Journal of Medicinal Plants. 18(70).
Hagaggi, N. S. A., Abdul-Raouf, U. M., and Radwan, T. A. 2024. Variation of antibacterial and antioxidant secondary metabolites and volatiles in leaf and callus extracts of Phulai (Acacia Modesta Wall.). BMC Plant Biology. 24(1): 93.
Hawkings, M. J., Vaselli, N. M., Charalampopoulos, D., Brierley, L., Elliot, A. J., Buchan, I., and Hungerford, D. 2023. A systematic review of the prevalence of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and incidence of new gastrointestinal illness after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viruses. 15(8): 1625.
Heidari, A., Zali, S. H., and Heidari, G. 2015. Ethnobotanical survey of Namarestagh summer rangelands, Amol (Mazandaran). Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine. 5(4): 330-339.
Hosseini, S. H., Bibak, H., Ghara, A. R., Sahebkar, A., and Shakeri, A. 2021. Ethnobotany of the medicinal plants used by the ethnic communities of Kerman province, Southeast Iran. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 17(1): 31.
Jaric, S., Kostic, O., Miletic, Z., Markovic, M., Sekulic, D., Mitrovic, M., and Pavlovic, P. 2024. Ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal research into medicinal plants in the Mt Stara Planina region (south-eastern Serbia, Western Balkans). Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 20(1): 7.
Karimi, A. G., and Keusgen, M. 2023. Medicinal Plants Traditionally used for Blood Sugar Lowering in the Kabul and Parwan regions of Afghanistan. Hamdard Medicus. 66(2): 19.
Karimian, V., Sepehry, A., and Barani, H. 2017. Analysis of Indigenous Knowledge on Ganaboo plant (Ferula assa foetida L.) in the rangelands of Zagros (Case Study: TangSorkh, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province). Indigenous Knowledge. 3(6): 1-52.
Khodayari, H., Amani, S., and Amiri, H. 2014. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants in the northeast of Khuzestan province. Ecophytochemistry of medicinal plants. 2(2): 12-26.
Maleki-khezerlu, S., Ansari-Ardali, S., and Maleki-khezerlu, M. 2017. Ethno-botanic study and traditional use of medicinal plant of Ajabshir city. Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine. 7(4) :499-506.
Megersa, M., Nedi, T., and Belachew, S. 2023. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used against Human Diseases in Zuway Dugda District, Ethiopia. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Mirdavoodi, H. R., and Babakhanlo, P. 2008. Identification of medicinal plants of Markazi province. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 23(4): 544-559.
Mohammadi, M., Jalali, S., Tavakkoli, Z., and Ghahremaninejad, F. 2020. Medicinal Plants of Bazarjan Region (Tafresh, Markazi Province, Iran). Applied Biology. 33(3): 122-134.
Mosaddegh, M., Esmaeili, S., Hassanpour, A., Malekmohammadi, M., and Naghibi, F. 2016. Ethnobotanical study in the highland of Alvand and Tuyserkan, Iran. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy. 3(1):7-17.
Mousavinia, S. M. M. 2013. Archaeological analysis of Sassanid sites in Khomein. Journal of Archaeological Studies. 4(2): 123-140.
Muhammed, M., Dugassa, S., Belina, M., Zohdy, S., Irish, S. R., and Gebresilassie, A. 2022. Insecticidal effects of some selected plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi (Culicidae: Diptera). Malaria Journal. 21(1): 295.
Mukonowenzou, N. C., Adeshina, K. A., Donaldson, J., Ibrahim, K. G., Usman, D., and Erlwanger, K. H. 2021. Medicinal plants, phytochemicals, and their impacts on the maturation of the gastrointestinal Tract. Frontiers in physiology. 12: 684464.
Nadaf, M., Amiri, M. S., Joharchi, M. R., Omidipour, R., Moazezi, M., Mohaddesi, B., Taghizadeh Yazdi, M. E., and Mottaghipisheh, J. 2023. Ethnobotanical diversity of trees and shrubs of Iran: a comprehensive review. International Journal of Plant Biology. 14(1): 120-146.
Nayernouri, T. 2020. Cyril Elgood “A Medical History of Persia”: A Critique. Archives of Iranian Medicine, 23(5): 359-361.
Pandey, A. K., Pradhan, S., and Bux, F. 2024. Quantitative ethnobotany of medicinal plants used by indigenous communities of Gandhamardan mountain Chains at Bargarh District of Odisha, India. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. 28: 1-29.
Ralte, L., Sailo, H., and Singh, Y. T. 2024. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the indigenous community of the western region of Mizoram, India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 20(1): 2.
Rechinger, K.H. 1963-2015. Flora Iranica.Vol. 1- 181. (Akad. Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz).
Rupani, R., and Chavez, A. 2018. Medicinal plants with traditional use: Ethnobotany in the Indian subcontinent. Clinics in Dermatology. 36(3): 306-309.
Selvi, S., Polat, R., Çakilcioglu, U., Celep, F., Dirmenci, T., and Ertug, Z. F. 2022. An ethnobotanical review on medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany. 46(4): 283-332.
Sen, S., and Chakraborty, R. 2017. Revival, modernization and integration of Indian traditional herbal medicine in clinical practice: Importance, challenges and future. Journal of traditional and Complementary Medicine. 7(2): 234-244.
Shahhoseini, A. 2014. Documenting the indigenous knowledge of Hable River watershed. Tehran: Publication of Omran.
Sharififar, F., Moharam Khani, M. R., Moatar, F., Babakhanlo, P., and Khodami, M. 2014. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Joopar Mountains of Kerman province, Iran. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 20(1): 37-51.
Shirvani Shahenayati, F., Afsharzadeh, S., and Abbasi, S. 2020. A floristic study of Afus area (Buin va Miandasht, Isfahan Province). Taxonomy and Biosystematics. 12(42): 51-68.
Silveira, D., and Boylan, F. 2023. Medicinal Plants: Advances in Phytochemistry and Ethnobotany. Plants. 12(8): 1682.
Wali. R., Khan, M. F., Mahmood, A., Mahmood, M., Qureshi, R., Ahmad, K. S., and Mashwani, Z. R. 2022. Ethnomedicinal appraisal of plants used for the treatment of gastrointestinal complaints by tribal communities living in Diamir district, Western Himalayas, Pakistan. PLoS ONE. 17(6): e0269445.
Wendimu, A., Tekalign, W., Bojago, E., and Abrham, Y. 2024. Traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal use of plants in the Tropical Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Heliyon. 10(6).
Wikipedia, Markazi province geography. Available on https://en.wikipedia.org. On: 07 May 2024.
Wubu, K. A., Ngatie, A. H., Haylie, T. A., and Osman, A. D. 2023. Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants in Kebridehar and Shekosh districts, Korahi zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia. Heliyon. 9(12).
Yuan, H., Quiqian M., Li, Y., and Guangchun, P. 2016. The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products. Molecules. 21(5): 559.
Zarea, K., Beiranvand, S., Ghanbari, S., and Tuvesson, H. 2017. Incidence of gastrointestinal cancers in Iran: a systematic review. Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care. 6(1).
