بررسی فیتوشیمیایی، ضدباکتریایی و ضدقارچی اسانس دو گونه از گیاه دارویی (Thymus daenensis و Thymus fedtschenkoi) در غرب ایران
الموضوعات :
حسن مومیوند
1
(گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران)
پریسا خانی زاده
2
(گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران)
حمید حسنیان خوشرو
3
(استادیار، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، مراغه، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: اسانس, آویشن, تیمول, آنتی‌باکتریال, لینالول,
ملخص المقالة :
در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی فیتوشیمیایی، ضدباکتریایی و ضدقارچی دو گونه از آویشن دنایی (Thymus daenensis Celak.) و آویشن قره‌باغی (Thymus fedtschenkoi Ronniger .) علیه باکتری‌های گرم مثبت (Bacillus cereus و Staphylococcus aureus وEnterococcus faecium)، باکتری‌های گرم منفی (Escherichia coli و Salmonella enteritidis) و قارچ (Candida albicans) ، سرشاخه های گلدار گیاهان به‌ترتیب از اراک و همدان، در مرحله گلدهی کامل برداشت شد. اسانس گیری به روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) و شناسایی ترکیبات اسانس‌ها توسط کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS)انجام گردید. بررسی ضد میکروبی با استفاده از روش های دیسک دیفیوژن ، میکرودایلوشن ، حداقل غلظت مهارکنندگی (MIC) و حداقل غلظت کشندگی باکتری (MBC) محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد محتوی اسانس آویشن دنایی (3/4 درصد) بیشتر از آویشن قره‌باغی (2/9 درصد) بود. لینالول (83/1 درصد) و تیمول (73/9 درصد) به ترتیب مهمترین ترکیبات آویشن قره‌باغی و آویشن دنایی را تشکیل دادند و اینکه اسانس هر دو گونه دارای اثر ضدباکتریایی و ضدقارچی قابل توجهی بودند؛ به‌طور کلی فعالیت ضدباکتریایی اسانس آویشن قره‌باغی به‌ویژه در مورد باکتری‌های گرم مثبت بیشتر از اسانس آویشن دنایی بود. درحالی که فعالیت ضدباکتریای اسانس آویشن دنایی بر اشرشیاکلی (گرم منفی) بیشتر از اسانس آویشن قره‌باغی بود. فعالیت ضدقارچی اسانس آویشن دنایی در مقایسه با آویشن قره‌باغی بر قارچ کاندیدیا آلبیکنس نیز بیشتر بود. ترکیبات لینالول و تیمول از مهمترین ترکیبات با اثر ضدمیکروبی در هر دو گونه گزارش شده است.
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