نگاهی به تاریخچه و فیلوژنی گونه گل محمدی (Rosa × damascena)
الموضوعات :
مهرنوش پناهی
1
(گروه گیاه شناسی موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع ، تهران ، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: ایران, رز, گل محمدی, فیلوژنی, دورگ,
ملخص المقالة :
گونه گل محمدی (Rosa × damascena) از مهمترین گونه های تیره گل سرخیان (Rosaceae) در ایران است که در گـستره کوهـستانی ایـران از پهنه های غربی کشور تا کوهپایـه هـای مرکزی و شرقی تکثیر می یابد. این گونه به لحاظ کاربرد در صنایع دارویی و عطرسازی حائز اهمیت است. براساس مطالعات گسترده ای که بر روی ژنوتیپ های این گونه در ایران صورت گرفته تنوع قابل ملاحظه ای مشاهده شده است و ایران به عنوان مرکزی دارای پتانسیل در ایجاد تنوع ژنتیکی و اصلاح ارقام این گونه می تواند درنظر گرفته شود. به نظر می رسد این گونه می تواند مهمترین جد مستقیم واریته های شمال غرب اروپایی بخشه Rosa در جنس Rosa بوده باشد که به صورت دورگی از سه گونه رز وحشی بوجود آمده و گونه R. moschata گونه والد مادری آسیایی آن است. طبق شواهد فسیل بدست آمده آسیا به عنوان ناحیه اجدادی برای جنس Rosa پیشنهاد می‌شود و بخش Synstylae از این جنس به عنوان قدیمی ترین گروه در حدود 30 میلیون سال پیش به سمت اروپا گسترش یافته است. فیلوژنی این جنس مشکل، نشان می دهد که ارایه تحلیلی در چارچوب تکاملی نیازمند مطالعات بیشتر است.
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