مطالعه مردم گیاه‌شناسی در برخی از روستاهای شهرستان سمنان
الموضوعات :عاطفه امیراحمدی 1 , فهیمه قمری 2 , رضا نادری 3
1 - گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده زیست شناسی، دانشگاه دامغان، دامغان، ایران
2 - دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه تهران
3 - گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده زیست شناسی، دانشگاه دامغان
الکلمات المفتاحية: گیاهان دارویی, سمنان, اتنوبوتانی, خواص درمانی, شاخص فراوانی نسبی,
ملخص المقالة :
علم اتنوبوتانی یا مردم گیاه‌شناسی به بررسی دانش افراد بومی در مناطق مختلف و اطلاعات آن‌ها در مورد کاربرد گیاهان می‌پردازد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، مطالعه اتنوبوتانی روستاهای جنوب و شرق شهرستان سمنان شامل 7 روستای آبخوری، احمدآباد (شمال)، احمد آباد (جنوب)، خیرآباد، دلازیان، رکن آباد و علاء می‌باشد. پس از بررسی و آشنایی با منطقه مورد مطالعه، جهت کسب اطلاعات مورد نیاز، به مناطق مراجعه و مصاحبه حضوری به صورت تصادفی در سال 1400 انجام شد. اطلاعات در قالب پرسشنامه و از افراد مسن مطلع به کاربرد گیاهان دارویی جمع‌آوری گردید. در این پژوهش 47 گونه متعلق به ۴۸ جنس و ۲۴ تیره گیاهی توسط افراد بومی معرفی شدند. غنی‌ترین تیره‌های گیاهی به ترتیب نعنائیان (Lamiaceae) با ۱۰ گونه، چتریان (Apiaceae) با ۶ گونه، کاسنیان (Asteraceae) با ۴ گونه و باقلائیان (Fabaceae) با 3 گونه بودند. بالاترین مقدار شاخص فراوانی نسبی ثبت (RFC) به ترتیب به گونه نعنا با 73/0، آویشن با 65/0، زیره سیاه با 63/0، زیره سبز با 57/0، پونه با 53/0، شوید با 48/0، بومادران با 38/0، کاسنی با 32/0، بابونه با 19/0 و خارشتر با 09/0 اختصاص داشت. طبق این پژوهش بیشترین کاربرد گیاهان در روستاهای شهرستان سمنان مربوط به رفع اختلالات گوارشی و سلامت عمومی بدن و کمترین کاربرد برای درمان دیابت و رفع مشکلات کلیه بود. همچنین فراگیرترین شیوه استفاده گیاهان دارویی در منطقه مورد مطالعه به صورت جوشانده و بیشترین اندام گیاهی مورد استفاده برگ گزارش شد. مطالعه اتنوبوتانی و بهره‌گیری از آن در زمینه‌های مختلف، قبل از فراموشی این دانش و از بین رفتن زیستگاه‌های طبیعی شهرستان سمنان اهمیت بالایی دارد. بنابراین این مطالعه می‌تواند زمینه‌ای برای تحقیقات در آینده فراهم نماید.
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