بررسی اثر زمان برداشت بر برخی از خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی برگ گیاه دارویی (.Cynara scolymus L )
الموضوعات :مرضیه اله دادی 1 , لاله مشرف بروجنی 2
1 - دانش آموخته دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز
2 - عضو هیئت علمی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: زمان برداشت, فنل کل, فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی, کلروژنیک اسید, فلاونوئید کل,
ملخص المقالة :
کنگرفرنگی (Cynara scolymus L.) گیاهی چند ساله از تیره Asteraceae است که در سراسر جهان جایگاه ویژه‌ای در صنایع داروسازی و غذایی دارد. به منظور ارزیابی برخی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی برگ کنگرفرنگی در مراحل مختلف رشدی، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در اصفهان طی دو سال زراعی متوالی (1394 -1393 و 1394-1395) به اجرا در آمد. تیمارها برداشت برگ در مراحل مختلف رشدی (مرحله رشد رویشی، غنچه دهی و گلدهی) در سال دوم رشد بودند. پس از برداشت میزان فنل کل (روش فولین سیوکالتیو)، فلاونوئید کل (روش رنگ سنجی آلومینیوم کلرید)، کلروژنیک اسید (کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا) و توانمندی آنتی اکسیدانی به دو روش قدرت مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد DPPH و قدرت احیاءکنندگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی و توانمندی آنتی اکسیدانی برگ طی مراحل مختلف رشدی از مقادیر متفاوتی برخوردار بود به نحوی که بیشترین مقدار فنل کل (25/76 میلی‌گرم گالیک اسید در گرم ماده خشک)، فلاونوئید کل (28/1 میلی‌گرم کوئرستین در گرم ماده خشک)، کلروژنیک اسید(25/2 درصد در ماده خشک)، قدرت مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد DPPH (34/92 درصد) و قدرت احیاءکنندگی (16/2) عصاره برگ در مرحله غنچه دهی مشاهده شد. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین فنل کل با فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی وجود داشت. همچنین رابطه بین کلروژنیک اسید با قدرت مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد DPPH و قدرت احیاءکنندگی مثبت و معنی‌دار بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصله، برداشت برگ کنگرفرنگی در مرحله غنچه دهی به لحاظ دارا بودن ویژگی‌های فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی مطلوب، مناسب‌تر از سایر مراحل رشدی است.
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