بررسی اثر ارتفاع رویشگاه بر کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره اسانس پایههای نر و ماده گیاه Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica در رویشگاه طبیعی آمل
الموضوعات :
علی روستائی فر
1
,
عباس حسنی
2
,
فاطمه سفیدکن
3
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان داروئی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه،ارومیه، ایران
2 - استاد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 - استاد مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، تهران، ایران
تاريخ الإرسال : 25 الجمعة , جمادى الثانية, 1438
تاريخ التأكيد : 11 الأربعاء , ذو الحجة, 1439
تاريخ الإصدار : 07 الثلاثاء , رمضان, 1439
الکلمات المفتاحية:
اسانس,
آمل,
آلفا-پینن,
ارتفاع محل,
سابینن,
سرو پیرو,
ملخص المقالة :
سرو پیرو (Juniperus communis L. ssp. hemisphaerica) درختچهای دوپایه و متعلق به تیرة سرو (Cupressaceae) است که بهطور خودرو در کوه های البرز در شمال ایران رویش دارد. اسانس این گیاه دارای خواص درمانی در افسردگی، روماتیسم، اسپاسم، نفخ، دیابت، اشتهاآور و مدر میباشد. در این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر ارتفاع محل بر ویژگی های کمی و کیفی اسانس پایه های نر و ماده گیاه سرو پیرو، سرشاخه های گیاه در تابستان سال 1390 از دو ارتفاع 2200 و 2700 متری از سطح دریا جمع آوری گردید. عمل اسانس گیری به روش تقطیر با آب و با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر انجام گردید و سپس ترکیبات اسانس با استفاده از دستگاههای گازکروماتوگرافی (GC) و گازکروماتوگرافی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) شناسایی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که محتوی اسانس گیاه در هر دو ارتفاع، در سرشاخه های پایه های نر (85/2-74/2 درصد) بیشتر از پایه های ماده (59/2-20/2 درصد) بوده است. تجزیه و شناسایی ترکیب های تشکیلدهنده اسانس ها نشان دادند که آلفا-پینن و سابینن اجزاء غالب شناسایی شده در اسانس بودند. بیشترین مقدار آلفا-پینن (81/48 درصد) و سابینن (47/44 درصد) در ارتفاع 2200 متری و به ترتیب در پایه های نر و ماده مشاهده گردید. همچنین مونوترپن ها عمده ترین گروه ترکیبات شناسایی شده در اسانس ها بودند.
المصادر:
Abbassy, M.A. and Marei, G.I. 2013. Antifungal and chemical composition of essential oils of Juniperus communis and Thymus vulgaris against two phytopathogenic fungi. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 9(8): 4584-4588.
Adams, R.P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, 803p.
Adams, R.P. 2008. The Junipers of the World: The Genus Juniperus. 2nd ed. Trafford Publ., Victoria, BC, Canada.
Adams, R.P. and Powell R.A. 1976. Seasonal variation of sexual differences in the volatile oil of Juniperus scopulorum. Phytochemistry, 15: 509-510.
Afsharypuor, S., Rahiminezhad, M., Ghaemmaghami, L., Soleimani, M., Khanmohammadi, M. and Afsharipuor, N. 2007. Essential oil constituents of leaves of the male and female shrubs of Juniperus chinensisL. from Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, (3): 177-180.
Asgary, S., Naderi, G.A., Shams Ardekani, M.R., Sahebkar, A., Airin, A., Aslani, S., Kasher, T. and Emami, S.A. 2014. Inhibition of protein glycation by essential oils of branchlets and fruits of Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica. Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(3): 179-185.
Asili, J., Emami, S.A., Rahimizadeh, M., Fazly-Bazzaz, B.S. and Hassanzadeh, M.K. 2008. Chemical and antimicrobial studies of Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica and Juniperus oblonga essential oils. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 11(1): 96-105.
Banerjee, S., Singh, H. and Chatterjee, T.K. 2013. Evaluation of anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic potential of methanolic extract of Juniperus communis (L.) in streptozotocin- nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 4(3): 10-17.
Butkiene, R., Nivinskiene, O. and Mockute, D. 2004. Chemical composition of unripe and ripe berry essential oils of Juniperus communis L. growing wild in Vilnius district. Chemija, 15(4): 57-63.
Cepeda-Cornejo, V. and Dirzo, R. 2010. Sex-related differences in reproductive allocation, growth, defense and herbivory in three dioecious neotropical palms. PLoS ONE, 5(3): e9824.
Chatzopoulou, P.S. and Katsiotis, T.S. 1993. Study of the essential oil from Juniperus communis Berries (cones) growing wild in Greece. Planta Medica, 59: 553-556.
Dahmane, D., Dob, T. and Chelghoum, C. 2015. Chemical composition of essential oils of Juniperus communis L. obtained by hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 6(5): 1253-1259.
Davies, N.W. 1990. Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicone and Carbowax 20M phases. Journal of Chromatography, 503: 1-24.
Ebadi, M. 2007. Pharmacodynamic basis of herbal medicine. 2nd Ed. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, 699 p.
Emami, S.A., Asili, J., Mohagheghi, Z. and Hassanzadeh, M.K. 2007. Antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of Iranian conifers. eCAM, 1-7.
Ennajar, M., Afloulous, S., Romdhane, M., Ibrahim, H., Cazaux, S., Abderraba, M., Raies, A. and Bouajila, J. 2011. Influence of the process, season, and origin on volatile composition and antioxidant activity of Juniperus phoenicea L. leaves essential oils. Journal of Food Science, 76(2): 224-230.
Gholami Takaloo, S., Hassani, A., Hassanpouraghdam, M.B., Meshkatalsadat, M.H., Pirzad, A. and Heidari, M. 2012. Essential oil content and composition of Thymus migricus Klokov&Desj-Shost. affected by plant growth stage and wild habitat altitude. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 17(1): 6982-6988.
Gobbo-Neto, L. and Lopes, N.P. 2007. Plantas medicinais: Factores de influência no conteúdo de metabolites secundários. Quimica Nova, 30(2): 374-381.
Gupta, S., Bhaskar, G. and Andola, H.C. 2011. Altitudinal variation in essential oil content in leaves of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. a high value aromatic tree from Uttarakhand. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants, 5(3): 348-351.
Hoferl, M., Stoilova, I., Schmidt, E., Wanner, J., Jirovetz, L., Trifonova, D., Krastev, L. and Krastanov, A. 2014. Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Juniper berry (Juniperus communis L.) essential oil. Action of the essential oil on the antioxidant protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae model organism. Antioxidants, 3(1): 81-98.
Ibañez, J. and Usubillaga, A. 2006. The essential oil of Espeletia schultzii of different altitudinal populations. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 21(2): 286-289.
Kasaian, J., Behravan, J., Hassany, M., Emami, S.A., Shahriari, F. and Khayyat, M.H. 2011. Molecular characterization and RAPD analysis of Juniperus species from Iran. Genetics and Molecular Research, 10(2): 1069-1074.
Massei, G., Watkins, R. and Hartley, S.E. 2006. Sex-related growth and secondary compounds in Juniperus oxycedrus macrocarpa. Acta Oecologica, 29(2): 135-140.
McGowan, G.M., Joensalo, J. and Naylor, R.E.L. 2004. Differential grazing of female and male plants of prostrate juniper (Juniperus communis L.). Botanical Journal of Scotland, 56(1): 39-54.
Olate, V.R., Soto, A. and Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. 2014. Seasonal variation and resin composition in the Andean tree Austrocedrus chilensis. Molecules, 19(5): 6489-6503.
Olennikov, D.N., Dudareva, L.V., Osipenko, S.N. and Penzina, T.A. 2010.Chemical composition of Rhododendron aureum (gold rosebay) essential oil from Pribaikal’e (Russian Federation). Journal of Serbian Chemical Society, 75(2): 209-215.
Omidbaigi, R. 2007. Production and processing of medicinal plants. 2ed Edition. Astan Ghods Publication, 438p. (In Persian).
Pepeljnjak, S., Kosalec, I., Kalodera, Z. and Blazevic, N. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of juniper berry essential oil (Juniperus communis L. Cupressaceae). Acta Pharmaceutica, 55(4): 417-422.
Raal, A., Kanut, M. and Orav, A. 2010. Annual variation of yield and composition of the essential oil of common Juniper (Juniperus communis L.) branches from Estonia. Baltic Forestry, 16(1): 50-56.
Sati, S.C. and Joshi, S. 2010. Antibacterial potential of leaf extracts of Juniperus communis L. from Kumaun Himalaya. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(12): 1291-1294.
Sela, F., Karapandzova, M., Stefkov, G. and Kulevanova, S. 2011. Chemical composition of berry essential oils from Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae) growing wild in Republic of Macedonia and assessment of the chemical composition in accordance to European Pharmacopoeia. Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 57(1,2): 43-51.
Shahmir, F., Ahmadi, L., Mirza, M. and Korori, S.A.A. 2003. Secretory elements of needles and berries of Juniperus communis L. ssp. communis and its volatile constituents. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18(5): 425-428.
Srivastava, D., Haider, F., Dwivedi, P.D., Naqvi, A.A. and Bagchi, G.D. 2005. Comparative study of the leaf oil of Juniperus macropoda growing in Garhwal regions of Uttranchal (India). Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 20(5): 460-461.
Toncer, O., Karaman, S. and Diraz, E. 2010. An annual variation in essential oil composition of Origanum syriacum from Southeast Anatolia of Turkey. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(11): 1059-1064.
Velasco-Negueruela, A., Pérez-Alonso, M.J., Palá-Paúl, J., Íñigo, A., Cervera, M. and Lopez, G. 2003. Essential oil analyses of the leaves and berries of Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. badia (H. Gay) Debeaux. Botanica Complutensis, 27: 147-154.
Zare, H. 2001. Introduced and native conifers in Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR) Publication, 271p. (In Persian).
Zeraib, A., Ramdani, M., Boudjedjou, L., Chalard, P. and Figuredo, G. 2014. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Juniperus thurifera L. essential oils. Journal of BioScience and Biotechnology, 3(2): 147-154.
Zheljazkov, V.D., Astatkie T. and Jeliazkova, E. 2013. Year-round variations in essential oil content and composition of male and female Juniper. Hort. Science, 48(7): 883-886.
_||_