اثرات برخی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس گیاه دارویی مریم‌گلی سوری (Salvia syriaca L.) تحت تنش خشکی
الموضوعات :
1 - گروه زراعت و گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: اسانس, تنش خشکی, کود کامل, کود مرغی, مریم گلی سوری,
ملخص المقالة :
کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی، نقش حیاتی در مراحل رشد و نمو گیاهان ایفا می‌کنند و کاربرد آن‌ها می‌تواند باعث افزایش رشد و تولید کمی و کیفی گیاهان شود. در تحقیق حاضر تأثیر کودهای زیستی (بوتامیسول، اسید هیومیک، کودهای اسبی، گوسفندی، گاوی، مرغی، ورمی‌کمپوست) و کامل شیمیاییNPK همراه دو سطح شاهد (مثبت: آب‌پاشی و منفی: بدون هرگونه پاشش) تحت تنش خشکی در سه سطح ظرفیت مزرعه، 50 درصد و 75 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و اسانس مریم گلی سوری (Salvia syriaca L.) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این پژوهش در طی دو سال، به صورت فاکتوریل دو عامل (کود و تنش خشکی) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. از بین 15 ترکیب شناسایی شده اسانس، بیشترین اجزا، 1و8 سینئول، سیس توژان، ترانس توزان، کامفور (مونوترپن‌های اکسیژنه) بودند. در بین اجزای اسانس، مادة مؤثرة سیس توژان (3/30-5/29 درصد) بیشترین میزان را به خود اختصاص داد. در دو سال انجام این پژوهش بالاترین مقادیر ارتفاع بوته (8/48-4/49 سانتی‌متر)، تعدادشاخه فرعی (1/20-5/19)، کلروفیل‌کل (42/2-55/2 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (2/69-8/67) و اسانس (4/1-55/1 درصد) توسط تیمارهای کود کامل، کود مرغی و ورمی‌کمپوست در سطح رطوبتی ظرفیت مزرعه بدست آمد. ترکیبات سزکویی ترپن اسانس (کاریوفیلن، آلفاهومولن و مانول) در زمان تنش خشکی افزایش یافتند. پیشنهاد می‌شود برای حصول بالاترین ترکیب کیفی اسانس مریم گلی سوری یعنی دو ترکیب سیس توژان و کامفور تحت شرایط مشابه، از تیمارهای کود کامل و یا کود مرغی استفاده گردد.
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