تاثیر نوع بستر کشت و اسید هیومیک بر برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و مصرف آب گیاه سدوم دم عقربی(Carpobrotus edulis L.) روی یک سیستم بام سبز
الموضوعات :
سیده ملیحه ربانی خیرخواه
1
(
گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
)
فاطمه کاظمی
2
(
گروه باغبانی و فضای سبز ، دانشکده کشاورزی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: نیاز آبی, کارایی مصرف آب, پوشش‌دهی گیاه, سیستم بام سبز, نتونیت,
ملخص المقالة :
سلامت گیاهان درشرایط بام سبز آن تا حد زیادی وابسته به تامین آب مورد نیازگیاهان است. ترکیبات بستر کشت، در حفظ و در دسترس قرار گرفتن رطوبت برای گیاه موثرند و یکی از راهکارها جهت کاهش مصرف آب در بام سبز، اصلاح بستر کشت است. در این پژوهش، نیاز آبی و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه سدوم دم عقربی (Carpobrotus edulis L.) تحت تیمارهای بستر کشت و مقدار اسید هیومیک بررسی گردید. این تحقیق درقالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار از اردیبهشت تا شهریور 1399 به صورت کشت در جعبه‌های کشت در شرایط بام سبز در شهر مشهد انجام شد. عامل اول بسترهای کشت (شامل بستر کشت حاوی خاک شامل بستر کشت 1 (خاک 20%+20% لیکا+20% پرلیت+ پوکه معدنی+20% خاکبرگ)، بستر کشت 2 (بستر کشت1+ 6% بنتونیت) و بستر کشت 3 (بستر کشت 1+ 12% وزنی بنتونیت) و بسترهای کشت بدون خاک شامل بستر کشت 4 (پوکه معدنی 27%+ 27% لیکا+ 27% پرلیت+ 20 درصد خاکبرگ)، بستر کشت 5 (بستر کشت4+ 6% بنتونیت) و بستر کشت 6 (بستر کشت 4+ 12% وزنی بنتونیت) و عامل دوم غلظت اسید هیومیک (شامل صفر ، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) بود و اسید هیومیک هر 15 روز به صورت کود آبیاری به گیاهان داده شد. نتایج نشان داد بسترهای حاوی خاک به طور قابل‌توجهی نسبت به بسترهای بدون خاک بهتر عمل کردند. بالاترین میزان پوشش‌دهی گیاهان و طول و حجم ریشه در بستر کشت 3 (حاوی خاک و 12% وزنی بنتونیت) رویت شد. بالاترین محتوی آب برگ و کلروفیل و کمترین کمبود اشباع نسبی، مقادیر کارتنوئید، فنول و کربوهیدرات برگ در بستر کشت 3 (حاوی خاک و 12% وزنی بنتونیت) مشاهده شد. تیمار 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسید هیومیک با بهترین عملکرد رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان همراه بود. تیمار خاک 20%+20% لیکا+20% پرلیت+ پوکه معدنی+20% + 12% وزنی بنتونیت همراه با 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسید هیومیک، گیاهانی با مصرف بهینه آب حاصل آورد. وجود خاک و سوپرجاذب معدنی بنتونیت در بستر کشت بام سبز از نظر نگه داشت رطوبت اهمیت ویژه داشته و البته تغذیه تکمیلی گیاهان در بام سبز نیز موجب بهبود عملکرد گیاهان در بام سبز می‌گردد.
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Arnon, D.S. )1940(. Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in Beta Vulgaris. J. Plant Physiol. 24: 1-15.
Barrs, H. D. and Weatherley, P. E. (1962). A reexamination of the relative turgidity technique for the estimating of water deficits in leaves. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences. 15: 413-428.
Baryła, A., Gnatowski, T., Karczmarczyk, A. and Szatylowicz, J. (2019). Changes in temperature and moisture content of an extensive-type green roof. Sustainability. 11: 2498.
Bevilacqua, P., Coma, J., Pérez, G., Chocarro, C., Juárez, A., Solé, C., De Simone, M. and Cabeza, L. F. (2015). Plant cover and floristic composition effect on thermal behaviour of extensive green roofs. Building and Environment. 92: 305–316. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.04.026.
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Bianchini, F. and Hewage, K. (2012). How green are the green roofs? Lifecycle analysis of green roof materials. Building and Environment. 48:57–65.
Bidgoli, Z. (2016). Investigation of the use of superabsorbent in the amount of water retention on the green roof. Master Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan (In Persian).
Cacco, G., Attina, E., Gelsomino, A. and Sidari, M. (2000). Effect of nitrate and humic substances of different molecular size on kietic parameters of nitrate uptake in wheat seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science’s. 163: 313-320.
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Cascone, S. (2019). Green Roof Design: State of the Art on Technology and Materials. Sustainability. 11: 3020, 1-28. doi:10.3390/su11113020.
Dalvand, M. (2016). The effect of humic acid on seed germination, growth indices and drought stress in parsley, Master Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Arak University (In Persian).
Deenavarman, M. , Lourdusamy, D. K. , Thangaselvabai T. and Venkatesan, K. (2018). "Effect of different media incorporated with Pusa hydrogel on growth and watering frequency of potted foliage plant, Arrowhead (Syngonium podophyllum Schott.). Journal of Agriculture and Ecology. pp. 71-76.
Durhman, A, K, Rowe, D. B. and Rugh, C. L. (2006). Effect of substrate depth on initial growth, coverage, and survival of 25 succulent green roof plant. Horticultural Science. 42:588–95.
Dehnavardi Movahedi, F. M,. Modares. Sanavi, S., Sorushzadeh , . M. A. and Jalali , M. (2003). Change in total soluble sugar, prolin,. colorophyll and clorophyll florosance safflower variaties under drought stress and zins spraying and manganes . Desert. 9:93-109.
Ellefson, C. L. and Winger. D. (2004). Xeriscape Colorado: the complete guide. Westcliffe Press, 256 pages.
Emilsson, T. (2008). Vegetation development on extensive vegetated green roofs: Influence of substrate composition, establishment method and species mix. Ecological Engineering. 33: 265–277.
Elmongy, M., Zhou, H., Cao, Y., Liu, B. and Xia, Y. (2018). The effect of humic acid on endogenous hormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity during in vitro rooting of evergreen azalea. Scientia Horticulturae. 227:234-243.
Esringu, A., Sezen, I., Aytali, B. and Ercisli, S. (2015). Effect of humic and fulvic acid application on growth parameters in Impatiens walleriana L. Aka. Ziraat Dergisi. 4(1): 37-42.
Fai Chow, M., Abu Bakar, M.F., Khai Wong, J. and Ling, L. (2021). Evapotranspiration Measurement and Estimation of Crop Coefficient for Native Plant Species of Green Roof in the Tropics. Water. 13: 1669. https://doi.org./10.3390/w13121669.
FLL. (2018). Guidelines for the Planning, Construction and Maintenance of Green Roof. Germany: Landscaping Development Research Society.
Francis, R.A. and Lorimer, J. (2011). Urban reconciliation ecology: the potential of living roofs and walls. J. Environ. Manag. 92: 1429–1437.
Getter, K. L. and Rowe, D.B. (2006). The role of extensive green roofs in sustainable development. Hort Science .41: 1276–1285.
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