اثر منابع مختلف کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی نیتروژن و فسفر بر صفات مرفولوژیکی و عملکردی گندم (رقم مروارید) Triticum aestivum L
الموضوعات : Genetic
هادی جهانشاهی
1
,
حسین عجم نوروزی
2
,
محمدرضا داداشی
3
,
محمدعلی رضایی
4
,
هدیه مصنعی
5
1 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
4 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
5 - گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد, ازتوباکتر, نیتروژن, فسفر, آزوسپیریلیوم,
ملخص المقالة :
مصرف بیش از حد کودهاي شیمیایی باعث تخریب اکوسیستم‌هاي کشاورزي شده است. یکی از برنامه‌هاي کشاورزي پایدار کاهش مصرف کودهاي شیمیایی و افزایش کارایی آن‌ها می‌باشد.در این راستا آزمایشی به منظور ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف منابع تامین کننده نیتروژن و فسفر بر برخی خصوصیات مرفولوژیک و عملکردی گندم رقم مروارید اجرا شد.آزمایش مزرعه‌اي به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوك‌هاي کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان نوکنده و گرگان در استان گلستان به مرحله اجر ا در آمد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل منابع تامین کننده نیتروژن در چهار سطح ازتوباکتر (12 گرم بر 100 کیلوگرم بذر)، آزوسپیریلیوم (12 گرم بر 100 کیلوگرم بذر)، اوره (200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و ترکیب مساوی از سه منبع و منابع تامین کننده فسفر در سطح سه سطح سوپرفسفات تریپل (100 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، فسفات بارور2 (12 گرم بر 100 کیلوگرم بذر ) و ترکیب مساوی دو منبع به همراه شاهد بود. صفات مروفولوژیکی و عملکردی از قبیل ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، طول سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و کارایی مصرف نیتروژن اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سطوح مختلف منابع تامین کننده نیتروژن وفسفر بر صفات مورد بررسی معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته، شاخص سطح برگ، تعداد سنبله، طول سنبله، عمکلرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه در تیمار ترکیب مساوی سه منبع تامین کننده نیتروژن (33 درصد ازتوباکتر+ 33 درصد آزوسپیریلیوم+ 33 درصد اوره) و بیشتر میزان کارایی مصرف نیتروژن در تیمار تلقیح بذر با کود زیستی ازتوباکتر مشاهده شد. کاربرد کودهاي زیستی مناسب، می‌تواند در افزایش عملکرد، بهبود ویژگی‌هاي رشدي گیاه گندم و کاهش کود شیمایی مؤثر باشد.
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