بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین و شاخص‌های آلودگی خاک در منطقه غرب تهران

الموضوعات :

فتانه ولی نژاد تبریزی ¹ , آزاده اربابی ² , رضا برنا ³

1 - دانشجوی دکترا، گروه اقلیم شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات
2 - گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه آزاد، واحد اسلامشهر
3 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 12 الثلاثاء , شوال, 1444 تاريخ التأكيد : 11 الأحد , صفر, 1445 تاريخ الإصدار : 07 الأربعاء , صفر, 1445

الکلمات المفتاحية: خاک, تهران, آلودگی هوا, عناصر سنگین, شاخص آلودگی,

ملخص المقالة :

گسترش شهر نشینی و توسعه شهرها به همراه افزایش شتابان جمعیت، توسعه فعالیت‌ های صنعتی و مصرف بی‌ رویه سوخت‌ های فسیلی به ‌شدت آلودگی ‌ها را افزایش داده و این مسئله را به ‌عنوان یکی از مباحث مطرح زیست ‌محیطی، در طی دهه های اخیر تبدیل کرده است. کلان‌شهر تهران یکی از شهرهای دارای آلودگی هوای بالا است که در درازمدت می تواند در خاک رسوب کرده و مشاهده شود. در این تحقیق، جهت ارزیابی غلظت عناصر سنگین از خاک نواحی سه گانه منطقه 21 شهرداری تهران، 10 نمونه با سه تکرار و در مجموع 90 نمونه تهیه شد. نمونه برداری از عمق 20-0 سانتی متری و با سه تکرار انجام شد. برای ارزیابی آلودگی از اندازه گیری سه عنصر سرب، کروم و کادمیوم و همچنین از درجه آلودگی، شاخص بار آلودگی و شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک استفاده شد. مقایسه غلظت عناصر سنگین و روند تغییرات آنها نشان داد که تجمعی از این عناصر در خاک سطحی ایجاد شده است. بر اساس میانگین، میزان غلظت عناصر مورد بررسی در ناحیه دو و سه بیشتر از ناحیه یک بود (05/0 P-value <). همچنین، بالاتر بودن شاخص آلودگی از عدد یک، بیانگر غلظت بالای عناصر سنگین نسبت به غلظت زمینه در منطقه مورد بررسی است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که با توجه به توسعه روزافزون مناطق شهری و صنعتی غرب تهران، خاک این منطقه شدیداً در معرض ورود عناصر سنگین قرار دارد. بنابراین پایش منظم خاک منطقه از لحاظ عناصر سنگین و بررسی دقیق منشا آنها ضروری به نظر می رسد.

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