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عنوان URL للمقالة


رقم المقالة : NEI-1610-1024 (R3) زيارة : 123 الصفحة: 99 - 124

نوع المخطوط: ابحاث

مروری بر مطالعات فرسایش خاک و منشایابی رسوب

الموضوعات :

کاظم نصرتی 1 , مصطفی امینی 2

1 - دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 - دانشگاه شهید بهتشی

تاريخ الإرسال : 07 السبت , محرم, 1438 تاريخ التأكيد : 09 السبت , ربيع الثاني, 1438 تاريخ الإصدار : 22 الأحد , جمادى الأولى, 1438

الکلمات المفتاحية: "منشایابی رسوب", "مدل های ترکیبی", "ردیاب‌ها", "فرسایش خاک",

ملخص المقالة :

رسوبات معلق در سیستم‌های رودخانه‌ای و حوضه‌ای از منابع غیرنقطه‌ای سرچشمه می‌گیرند که از لحاظ مکانی و زمانی متفاوت‌اند. فرآیند منشایابی رسوب بر روش‌هایی تاکید می‌کند که پژوهشگران از طریق نمونه‌های ترکیبی برداشت شده از رودخانه و حوضه قادر به تفکیک منابع رسوب باشند. علاقمندی به این روش به عنوان یکی از تکنیک‌های فرسایش و رسوب و نیز ابزاری برای تکمیل روش‌های سنتی فرسایش آبی برای شناسایی منشا و حرکت رسوبات در داخل رودخانه در بازه‌های زمانی و مکانی مختلف و برآورد مقدار فرسایش خاک با استفاده از ردیاب‌های موجود در خاک و رسوب افزایش یافته است. این مقاله تاکیدی بر تکنیک‌ها و روش‌های استفاده شده، مدل‌های ترکیبی و استفاده از ردیاب‌های مختلف در مطالعات فرسایش و رسوب با تاکید بر منشایابی رسوب در جهان و ایران است تا مدل‌های موجود، ردیاب‌ها و تکنولوژی‌های نوین را معرفی کند. نتایج حاصل از مرور پیشینه پژوهش نشان داد که در حوزه فرسایش و رسوب مطالعات منسجم و با روش‌شناسی جدید از دهه 60 میلادی شروع شده و مطالعات در مقیاس‌های حوضه بزرگ، متوسط و کوچک، دامنه و مقیاس پلات یا آزمایشگاه با تکنیک‌های مختلف واپاشی رادیونوکلویید، عناصر کمیاب زمینی، خواص مغناطیسی خاک، ردیاب‌های دیگر و منشایابی انجام شده‌اند. این پژوهش ضمن مرور و معرفی مدل‌های فرسایش و رسوب، مدل‌های منشایابی، ردیاب‌های موجود و شیوه‌های نمونه‌برداری، تکنولوژی‌های نوین فرسایش و رسوب در ایران (اختراعات) را نیز معرفی می‌کند.

المصادر:


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