بررسی عوامل نرم مؤثر بر بهره وری: تأثیر رهبری توانمندساز بر انگیزش پیشرفت و انگیزش الهام بخش و ترغیب ذهنی
الموضوعات :حمید عرفانیان 1 , زهره ترکانلو 2
1 - عضو هیات علمی گروه مدیریت واحد مشهد
2 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت تهران، دانشگاه پیام نور، گروه مدیریت ، تهران، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: بهره وری, انگیزش پیشرفت, رهبری توانمندساز, انگیزش الهام بخش, ترغیب ذهنی,
ملخص المقالة :
در مدل های مختلف معرفی شده سبک رهبری و انگیزه به عنوان عوامل مؤثر بر بهره وری در نظر گرفته شدند. جهت افزایش بهره وری باید عوامل مؤثر بر آن را بشناسیم، هدف این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر سبک رهبری توانمندساز بر انگیزش پیشرفت و انگیزش الهام بخش و ترغیب ذهنی کارکنان در راستای افزایش بهره وری است. جامعه آماری کارکنان شرکت گاز استان خراسان رضوی 444 نفر بودند که با استفاده از جدول کرجسی مورگان یک نمونه 206 نفری به دست آمد. این پژوهش با هدف کاربردی و بر مبنای جمع آوری داده ها پیمایشی است. ابزار مورد استفاده پرسشنامه های استاندارد رهبری توانمندساز اهرن (2010) و انگیزش پیشرفت رنجبریان(1390) بود که البته دو عامل ترغیب ذهنی و انگیزش الهام بخش از پرسشنامه سبک های رهبری تحول آفرین آوولیو(2000) برای اولین بار به صورت مستقل استفاده شد. روایی پرسشنامه ها از روایی سازه و محتوا، همچنین پایایی از آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شده است که پایایی پرسشنامه رهبری توانمندساز0.92 و پرسشنامه انگیزش پیشرفت0.90 و پرسشنامه انگیزش الهام بخش 0.84 و پرسشنامه ترغیب ذهنی0.87 به دست آمد. آزمون فرضیه های پژوهش براساس روش مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری توسط نرم افزار لیزرل بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد، در مدل اول رهبری توانمندساز بر ترغیب ذهنی و انگیزش الهام بخش و انگیزش پیشرفت کارکنان تأثیر دارد و در مدل دوم نقش تعدیل گر انگیزش الهام بخش بر رابطۀ رهبری توانمندساز و انگیزش پیشرفت تأیید شد. ولی ترغیب ذهنی این رابطه را تعدیل نمی کند.
Ahearne, M., Mathieu, J., & Rapp, A. (2005), To Empower or Not to Empower Your Sales Force? An Empirical Examination of the Influence of Leadership Empowerment Behavior on Customer Satisfaction and Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 955-945.
Amichai-Hamburger, Y., McKenna, A., & Tal, S. (2008), Eempowerment: Empowerment yy the internet. Comput Human Behavior, 24, 1776-1789.
Arefnezhad, M., Sobhani, M., Nasre Esfahani, A., & Sepehrvand, R. (2014), The impact Spiritual leadership on Intrinsic motivation of employees. Management perspective, 13. 107-127, (In Persian).
Ayub, S. H., Manaf, N. A., & Hamzah, M. R. (2014), Leadership: Communicating Strategically in the 21st Century. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 155, 502-506.
Blašková, M. (2014), Influencing Academic Motivation, Responsibility and Creativity. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 415 – 425.
Chang, L. C., & Liu, C. H. (2011), Employee empowerment, innovative behavior and job productivity of public health nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 45, 1442-1448.
Dimitriades, Z. (2005), Employee empowerment in the Greek context. International journal of manpower, 26(1), 80-92.
Erturk, A. (2010), Exploring Prodictors of organizational identification moderating role of trust on the association between empowerment, organizational support, and indentifications. European Journal of work and organizational Psychology, 19(14), 409-441.
Faruk, Ö., Ersarı, G., & Atılhan, N. (2014), Effect of Leadership Style on Perceived Organizational Performance and Innovation: The Role of Transformational Leadership beyond the Impact of Transactional Leadership. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 881 – 889.
Gafuri, F., Tejari, F., & Bahari, S. (2010), The relationship between leadership styles and Managers,s Producticvity of Sports organizations. Research on Sport Sciences, 13. 107-127, (In Persian).
Gibbs, D. A., Hawkins, S. R. Clinton-Sherrod, A. M., & Noonan, R. K. (2009), empowering programs with evaluation technical assistance: Outcomes and lessons learned. Health Promotion Practice, 10(1), 38-44.
Greasley, K., Bryman, A., Naismith, N., Soetanto, R. (2011), Understanding empowerment from an employee perspective. Team Performance Management, 14 (1/2), 39-55.
Gregory, M., & Ricky, W. G. (2011), Organizational Behavior. S. M. Alvani & G. R. Memarzade. Tehran: morvarid Publishers, (In Persian).
Hall, M. (2008), effect of comprehensive performance measurement systems on role clarity, psychological empowerment and managerial performance. Accounting, Organization and Society, 33, 141-163.
Johnson, S. M. (1986), Incentives for Teachers: What Motivates, What Matters. Educational Administration Quarterly, 22, 54-79.
Karami, R., Ismail, M., Omar, Z. B., Wahat, N., Badsar, M. (2012), Organizational Support and Achievement Motivation in Leadership Role of Extension Agents. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(5). 633-640.
Karen, L., Rutler, B., & Smitt, H. (2005), The effects of gender of grade level on the motivational need of achievement. Wester Journal of nursing research, 3(2), 250- 252.
Khajelu, S. R., Ghahremani, M., & Abuchenari, A. (2013), Transformational leadership role in promoting university to Entrepreneur Organization (Case Study: Shahid Beheshti University). Journal of Entrepreneurip Development, 14. 185-204, (In Persian).
Kolhar, M. (1393), Some of Human resource properties and Organizational at Administrative changes, 1-11, (In Persian).
Limsila, K., Ogunlana, S. (2008). Linking personal competencies with transformational leadership style evidence from the construction industry in Thailand. Journal of construction in develoing countrie, 13(1), 27-50.
Littrell, R. F. (2007), influences on employee preferences for empowerment practices by the ideal manager in Chine. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 87-110.
Manzari Tavakoli, A., & Shojaei, M. (2009), The Relationship between Fear of Success and the need for achievement in Employees Organization,s Employees of Economic Affairs and Finance and Whole Office of Tax Affairs in Kerman State. Accessed at: http://ke.mefa.ir/, (In Persian).
Oke, A. (2009), The Influence of leadership on Innovation Processes and Acitivities .Organizational Dynamics. 38(1), 64-72.
Özarallı, N. (2015), Linking empowering leader to creativity: the oderating role of psychological (felt) empowerment. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 366-376.
Poorkareemee, J. (2010), Achievement motivation and leadership style among Tehran elementary schools' principals. Quarterly journal of New Thoughts on Education, 3. 27-44, (In Persian).
Rani, G. & . Dalal, S. (2013), Relationship of Creativity and Achievement Motivation of Senior Secondary Students. International Journal for Research in Education, 2(7), 20-25.
Rawung, F. H. (2013), The Effect of Leadership on The Work Motivation of Higher Education Administration Employees. Journal of Business and Management, 28-33.
Rezazade, A., & Azizi, GH. (2013),The impact of transformational leadership On Entrepreneurial orientation of organizations (Case study: Behalf of an insurance company in Yazd province)). New World Insurance, 172. 22-39, (In Persian).
Sabzikaran, E. & Abdolreza, M., & Rangriz, H. (2011), The relationship between organizational structure and emlloyees empowerment in National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company, Kuwait Chapter of Arabian. Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(1), 51-68.
Story, P., Hart, A., Stasson, J. W., Mark, F., Mahoney, J. M. (2009), Using a two-factor theory of achievement motivation to examine performance-based outcomes and self-regulatory processes. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 391-395.
Taleghani, GH. R., Tanaomi, M. M., Farhangi, A., & Zarrinnegar, M. J. (2011), studying factors affect on increase of productivity (case study:Saman bank). Journal of Public Administration, 7. 115-130, (In Persian).
Tongsilp, A. (2013), A Path Analysis of Relationships between Factors with Achievement Motivation of students of Private Universities in Bangkok. Thailand. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 88. 229- 238.
Tummers, L. & Kruyen, P. (2015), The influence of leadership on creativity: A systematic review of experimental studies. Paper for the IRSPM Conference Birmingham, 1-32.
Zhang, X., Bartol, K. M. (2010), Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity.Academy of management jornal,107-128.
Zhang, X., & Zhou, J. (2014), Empowering leadership, uncertainty avoidance, trust, and employee creativity: Interaction effects and a mediating mechanism.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 124, 150-164.
_||_Ahearne, M., Mathieu, J., & Rapp, A. (2005), To Empower or Not to Empower Your Sales Force? An Empirical Examination of the Influence of Leadership Empowerment Behavior on Customer Satisfaction and Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 955-945.
Amichai-Hamburger, Y., McKenna, A., & Tal, S. (2008), Eempowerment: Empowerment yy the internet. Comput Human Behavior, 24, 1776-1789.
Arefnezhad, M., Sobhani, M., Nasre Esfahani, A., & Sepehrvand, R. (2014), The impact Spiritual leadership on Intrinsic motivation of employees. Management perspective, 13. 107-127, (In Persian).
Ayub, S. H., Manaf, N. A., & Hamzah, M. R. (2014), Leadership: Communicating Strategically in the 21st Century. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 155, 502-506.
Blašková, M. (2014), Influencing Academic Motivation, Responsibility and Creativity. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159, 415 – 425.
Chang, L. C., & Liu, C. H. (2011), Employee empowerment, innovative behavior and job productivity of public health nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Int. J. Nurs. Stud., 45, 1442-1448.
Dimitriades, Z. (2005), Employee empowerment in the Greek context. International journal of manpower, 26(1), 80-92.
Erturk, A. (2010), Exploring Prodictors of organizational identification moderating role of trust on the association between empowerment, organizational support, and indentifications. European Journal of work and organizational Psychology, 19(14), 409-441.
Faruk, Ö., Ersarı, G., & Atılhan, N. (2014), Effect of Leadership Style on Perceived Organizational Performance and Innovation: The Role of Transformational Leadership beyond the Impact of Transactional Leadership. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 881 – 889.
Gafuri, F., Tejari, F., & Bahari, S. (2010), The relationship between leadership styles and Managers,s Producticvity of Sports organizations. Research on Sport Sciences, 13. 107-127, (In Persian).
Gibbs, D. A., Hawkins, S. R. Clinton-Sherrod, A. M., & Noonan, R. K. (2009), empowering programs with evaluation technical assistance: Outcomes and lessons learned. Health Promotion Practice, 10(1), 38-44.
Greasley, K., Bryman, A., Naismith, N., Soetanto, R. (2011), Understanding empowerment from an employee perspective. Team Performance Management, 14 (1/2), 39-55.
Gregory, M., & Ricky, W. G. (2011), Organizational Behavior. S. M. Alvani & G. R. Memarzade. Tehran: morvarid Publishers, (In Persian).
Hall, M. (2008), effect of comprehensive performance measurement systems on role clarity, psychological empowerment and managerial performance. Accounting, Organization and Society, 33, 141-163.
Johnson, S. M. (1986), Incentives for Teachers: What Motivates, What Matters. Educational Administration Quarterly, 22, 54-79.
Karami, R., Ismail, M., Omar, Z. B., Wahat, N., Badsar, M. (2012), Organizational Support and Achievement Motivation in Leadership Role of Extension Agents. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(5). 633-640.
Karen, L., Rutler, B., & Smitt, H. (2005), The effects of gender of grade level on the motivational need of achievement. Wester Journal of nursing research, 3(2), 250- 252.
Khajelu, S. R., Ghahremani, M., & Abuchenari, A. (2013), Transformational leadership role in promoting university to Entrepreneur Organization (Case Study: Shahid Beheshti University). Journal of Entrepreneurip Development, 14. 185-204, (In Persian).
Kolhar, M. (1393), Some of Human resource properties and Organizational at Administrative changes, 1-11, (In Persian).
Limsila, K., Ogunlana, S. (2008). Linking personal competencies with transformational leadership style evidence from the construction industry in Thailand. Journal of construction in develoing countrie, 13(1), 27-50.
Littrell, R. F. (2007), influences on employee preferences for empowerment practices by the ideal manager in Chine. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 87-110.
Manzari Tavakoli, A., & Shojaei, M. (2009), The Relationship between Fear of Success and the need for achievement in Employees Organization,s Employees of Economic Affairs and Finance and Whole Office of Tax Affairs in Kerman State. Accessed at: http://ke.mefa.ir/, (In Persian).
Oke, A. (2009), The Influence of leadership on Innovation Processes and Acitivities .Organizational Dynamics. 38(1), 64-72.
Özarallı, N. (2015), Linking empowering leader to creativity: the oderating role of psychological (felt) empowerment. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 366-376.
Poorkareemee, J. (2010), Achievement motivation and leadership style among Tehran elementary schools' principals. Quarterly journal of New Thoughts on Education, 3. 27-44, (In Persian).
Rani, G. & . Dalal, S. (2013), Relationship of Creativity and Achievement Motivation of Senior Secondary Students. International Journal for Research in Education, 2(7), 20-25.
Rawung, F. H. (2013), The Effect of Leadership on The Work Motivation of Higher Education Administration Employees. Journal of Business and Management, 28-33.
Rezazade, A., & Azizi, GH. (2013),The impact of transformational leadership On Entrepreneurial orientation of organizations (Case study: Behalf of an insurance company in Yazd province)). New World Insurance, 172. 22-39, (In Persian).
Sabzikaran, E. & Abdolreza, M., & Rangriz, H. (2011), The relationship between organizational structure and emlloyees empowerment in National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company, Kuwait Chapter of Arabian. Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(1), 51-68.
Story, P., Hart, A., Stasson, J. W., Mark, F., Mahoney, J. M. (2009), Using a two-factor theory of achievement motivation to examine performance-based outcomes and self-regulatory processes. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 391-395.
Taleghani, GH. R., Tanaomi, M. M., Farhangi, A., & Zarrinnegar, M. J. (2011), studying factors affect on increase of productivity (case study:Saman bank). Journal of Public Administration, 7. 115-130, (In Persian).
Tongsilp, A. (2013), A Path Analysis of Relationships between Factors with Achievement Motivation of students of Private Universities in Bangkok. Thailand. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 88. 229- 238.
Tummers, L. & Kruyen, P. (2015), The influence of leadership on creativity: A systematic review of experimental studies. Paper for the IRSPM Conference Birmingham, 1-32.
Zhang, X., Bartol, K. M. (2010), Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity.Academy of management jornal,107-128.
Zhang, X., & Zhou, J. (2014), Empowering leadership, uncertainty avoidance, trust, and employee creativity: Interaction effects and a mediating mechanism.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 124, 150-164.
