بررسی فراوانی کریستال‌اوری و باکتری‌اوری در سگ‌های خانگی شهرستان اهواز
الموضوعات :
بهمن مصلی نژاد
1
(
استاد گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
)
سیده میثاق جلالی
2
(
دانشیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
)
داریوش غریبی
3
(
دانشیار گروه پاتوبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
)
هادی طاهرزاده
4
(
دانش‌آموخته دکترای حرفه‌ای، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
)
تاريخ الإرسال : 18 الأحد , ربيع الثاني, 1441
تاريخ التأكيد : 20 السبت , ذو القعدة, 1441
تاريخ الإصدار : 09 الأربعاء , رمضان, 1442
الکلمات المفتاحية:
اهواز,
باکتری‌اوری,
کریستال‌اوری,
سگ,
ملخص المقالة :
یکی از مهم ترین عواملی که در پاتوژنز سنگ های ادراری نقش دارد، کریستال اوری می باشد. نوع کریستال می تواند با عفونت باکتریایی دستگاه ادراری مرتبط باشد و متعاقبا موجب تغییر pHادرار گردد. مطالعه حاضر، با هدف ارزیابی فراوانی کریستال اوری و باکتری اوری، در سگ های خانگی اهواز صورت گرفت. بدین منظور، ادرار 101 قلاده سگ سالم و به روش کاتترزدن اخذ شد. در ارزیابی فیزیکی نمونه های ادرار، وزن مخصوص، رنگ، شفافیت و ویژگی های ظاهری و در آنالیز بیوشیمیایی آن ها، وجود هموگلوبین، گلوکز، پروتئین و اجسام کتونی در ادرار بررسی و نیز pHادرار سنجیده شد. رسوب ادراری، از نظر حضور کریستال ها، کست ها و سلول ها هم ارزیابی شد. همچنین نمونه های ادرار از نظر حضور باکتری های استافیلوکوکوس، پروتئوس و اشریشیا کولای بررسی شدند. در مجموع، در 20 مورد (80/19 درصد) کریستال اوری مشاهده گردید، که از این تعداد، 15 مورد (75 درصد) استروویت، 2 مورد (10 درصد) اگزالات کلسیم دی هیدرات، 2 مورد (10 درصد) مخلوط استروویت و اگزالات کلسیم دی هیدرات و 1 مورد (5 درصد) مخلوط اگزالات کلسیم دی هیدرات و بیلی روبین بودند. از 101 نمونه، در 40 مورد (60/39 درصد) کشت ادرار مثبت بود، که از این تعداد، 16 مورد (40 درصد) استافیلوکوکوس اپیدرمیدیس و 12 مورد (30 درصد) اشریشیا کولای بود. در هیچ کدام از نمونه ها، پروتئوس جدا نشد. در مطالعه حاضر، ارتباط معنی داری بین جنس و نژاد با باکتری اوری و کریستال اوری به دست نیامد (05/0<p)، اما تفاوت از نظر سن معنی دار بود به نحوی که با افزایش سن، میزان کریستال اوری و باکتری اوری افزایش یافت (05/0>p). همچنین مشخص گردید که همبستگی نزدیکی بین کریستال اوری و باکتری اوری در سگ ها وجود دارد.
المصادر:
Bailiff, N.L., Westropp, J.L., Nelson, R.W., Sykes, J.E., Owens, S.D. and Kass, P.H. (2008). Evaluation of urine specific gravity and urine sediment as risk factors for urinary tract infections in cats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 37(3): 317-322.
Bartges, J.W. (2016). Feline calcium oxalate urolithiasis: risk factors and rational treatment approaches. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 18(9): 712-722.
Caporali, E.H., Phillips, H., Underwood, L. and Selmic, L.E. (2015). Risk factors for urolithiasis in dogs with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts: 95 cases (1999-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 246(5): 530-536.
Carvalho, M., Lulich, J.P., Osborne, C.A. and Nakagawa, Y. (2003). Role of urinary inhibitors of crystallization in uric acid nephrolithiasis. Dalmatian dog model. Urology, 62(3): 566-570.
Daudon, M. and Jungers, P. (2004). Clinical value of crystalluria and quantitative morphoconstitutional analysis of urinary calculi. Nephron Physiology, 98(2): 31-36.
Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E.C. (2010). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine: Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 7th ed., Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, pp: 1850-1874.
Gerber, B., Boretti, F., Kley, S., Laluha, P., Muller, C., Sieber, N., et al. (2005). Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in European cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 46(12): 571-577.
Hawthorne, A.J. and Markwell, P.J. (2004). Dietary sodium promotes increased water intake and urine volume in cats. The Journal of Nutrition, 134(8): 2128-2129.
Houston, D.M. and Moore, A.E. (2009). Canine and feline urolithiasis: Examination of over 50000 submissions to the Canadian veterinary urolith centre from 1998 to 2008. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 50(12): 1263-1268.
Imandar, M., Hassanpour, A., Abdollahpour, G.R. and Haghpanah, H. (2012). Evaluation of risk factors of prevalence of leptospirosis in sheep flocks. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 5(4): 1397-1403.
Kennedy, S.M., Lulich, J.P., Ritt, M.G. and Furrow, E. (2016). Comparison of body condition score and urinalysis variables between dogs with and without calcium oxalate uroliths. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 249(11): 1274-1280.
Lamoureux, A., Da Riz, F., Cappelle, J., Boulouis, H.J., Benchekroun, G., Cadore, J.L., et al. (2019). Frequency of bacteriuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease: A retrospective study of 201 cases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 33(2): 640-647.
Lekcharoensuk, C., Lulich, J.P., Osborne, C.A., Pusoonthornthum, R., Allen, T.A., Koehler, L.A., et al. (2000). Patient and environmental factors associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 217(4): 515-519.
Lekcharoensuk, C., Osborne, C.A. and Lulich, J.P. (2001). Epidemiologic study of risk factors for lower urinary tract diseases in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 218(9): 1429-1435.
Lima, C.S., Cintra, C.A., Meirelles, A.E.W.B., Crivellenti, S.B., Mariani, O.M., Honsho, D.K., et al. (2017). Sensitivity of urolithiasis detection using urinary, radiography and ultrasound parameters. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, 38(6): 3599-3604.
Lulich, J.P., Osborne, C.A., Albasan, H., Koehler, L.A., Ulrich, L.M. and Lekcharoensuk, C. (2013). Recent shifts in the global proportions of canine uroliths. The Veterinary Record, 172(14): 363.
Manzoor, M.A., Duwal, S.R., Mujeeburahiman, M. and Rekha, P.D. (2018). Vitamin C inhibits crystallization of struvite from artificial urine in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. International Brazilian Journal of Urology, 44(6): 1234-1242.
Markey, B., Leonard, F., Archambault, M., Cullinan, A. and Maguire, D. (2013). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. 2nd ed., St Louis: Mosby, Elsevier, pp: 105-120.
Meutan, D. (2012). Laboratory evaluation and interpretation of the urinary system. In: Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Thrall, M.A., Weiser, G., Allison, R. and Campbell, T. editors. 2nd ed., Iowa, USA: Wiley-Blackwell publication, pp: 323-377.
Motamedi, S.M. (2016). Effect of supplementing ascorbic acid, vitamin E and betaine on the performance, immune response and blood parameters in broiler. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 10(39): 201-211.
Osborne, C.A., Lulich, J.P., Kruger, J.M., Ulrich, L.K. and Koehler, L.A. (2009). Analysis of 451,891 canine uroliths, feline uroliths, and feline urethral plugs from 1981 to 2007: Perspectives from the Minnesota Urolith Center. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice, 39(1): 183-197.
Palma, D., Langston, C., Gisselman, K. and McCue, J. (2013). Canine struvite urolithiasis. Compendium, 35(8): 1-8.
Pourali, F., Moosavi, Z., Shahsavani, D. and Azizzadeh, M. (2019). Experimental comparison of the effects of ascorbic acid and thiamine in prevention of lead induced tissue damages in selected tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 13(49): 27-40.
Roe, K., Pratt, A., Lulich, J., Osborne, C. and Syme, H.M. (2012). Analysis of 14,008 uroliths from dogs in the UK over a 10‐year period. Veterinary Clinical Science, 53(11): 634-640.
Sosnar, M., Bulkova, T. and Ruzicka, M. (2005). Epidemiology of canine urolithiasis in the Czech Republic from 1997 to 2002. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 46(4): 177-184.
Tion, M.T., Dvorska, J. and Saganuwan, S.A. (2015). A review on urolithiasis in dogs and cats. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 18(1): 1-18.
Vrabelova, D., Silvestrini, P., Ciudad, J., Gimenez, J.C., Ballesteros, M., Puig, P., et al. (2011). Analysis of 2735 canine uroliths in Spain and Portugal. A retrospective study: 2004–2006. Research in Veterinary Science, 91(2): 208-211.
Wan, S.Y., Hartmann, F.A., Jooss, M.K. and Viviano, K.R. (2014). Prevalence and clinical outcome of subclinical bacteriuria in female dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 245(1): 106-112.
Willems, A., Paepe, D., Marynissen, S., Smets, P., Maele, I. and Picavet, P. (2017). Results of Screening of Apparently Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 31(1): 81-92.
Wynn, S.G., Witzel, A.L., Bartges, J.W., Moyers, T.S. and Kirk, C.A. (2016). Prevalence of asymptomatic urinary tract infections in morbidly obese dog. Peer J, 14(4): e1711.
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Bailiff, N.L., Westropp, J.L., Nelson, R.W., Sykes, J.E., Owens, S.D. and Kass, P.H. (2008). Evaluation of urine specific gravity and urine sediment as risk factors for urinary tract infections in cats. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 37(3): 317-322.
Bartges, J.W. (2016). Feline calcium oxalate urolithiasis: risk factors and rational treatment approaches. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 18(9): 712-722.
Caporali, E.H., Phillips, H., Underwood, L. and Selmic, L.E. (2015). Risk factors for urolithiasis in dogs with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts: 95 cases (1999-2013). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 246(5): 530-536.
Carvalho, M., Lulich, J.P., Osborne, C.A. and Nakagawa, Y. (2003). Role of urinary inhibitors of crystallization in uric acid nephrolithiasis. Dalmatian dog model. Urology, 62(3): 566-570.
Daudon, M. and Jungers, P. (2004). Clinical value of crystalluria and quantitative morphoconstitutional analysis of urinary calculi. Nephron Physiology, 98(2): 31-36.
Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E.C. (2010). Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine: Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 7th ed., Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, pp: 1850-1874.
Gerber, B., Boretti, F., Kley, S., Laluha, P., Muller, C., Sieber, N., et al. (2005). Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in European cats. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 46(12): 571-577.
Hawthorne, A.J. and Markwell, P.J. (2004). Dietary sodium promotes increased water intake and urine volume in cats. The Journal of Nutrition, 134(8): 2128-2129.
Houston, D.M. and Moore, A.E. (2009). Canine and feline urolithiasis: Examination of over 50000 submissions to the Canadian veterinary urolith centre from 1998 to 2008. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 50(12): 1263-1268.
Imandar, M., Hassanpour, A., Abdollahpour, G.R. and Haghpanah, H. (2012). Evaluation of risk factors of prevalence of leptospirosis in sheep flocks. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 5(4): 1397-1403.
Kennedy, S.M., Lulich, J.P., Ritt, M.G. and Furrow, E. (2016). Comparison of body condition score and urinalysis variables between dogs with and without calcium oxalate uroliths. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 249(11): 1274-1280.
Lamoureux, A., Da Riz, F., Cappelle, J., Boulouis, H.J., Benchekroun, G., Cadore, J.L., et al. (2019). Frequency of bacteriuria in dogs with chronic kidney disease: A retrospective study of 201 cases. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 33(2): 640-647.
Lekcharoensuk, C., Lulich, J.P., Osborne, C.A., Pusoonthornthum, R., Allen, T.A., Koehler, L.A., et al. (2000). Patient and environmental factors associated with calcium oxalate urolithiasis in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 217(4): 515-519.
Lekcharoensuk, C., Osborne, C.A. and Lulich, J.P. (2001). Epidemiologic study of risk factors for lower urinary tract diseases in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 218(9): 1429-1435.
Lima, C.S., Cintra, C.A., Meirelles, A.E.W.B., Crivellenti, S.B., Mariani, O.M., Honsho, D.K., et al. (2017). Sensitivity of urolithiasis detection using urinary, radiography and ultrasound parameters. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, 38(6): 3599-3604.
Lulich, J.P., Osborne, C.A., Albasan, H., Koehler, L.A., Ulrich, L.M. and Lekcharoensuk, C. (2013). Recent shifts in the global proportions of canine uroliths. The Veterinary Record, 172(14): 363.
Manzoor, M.A., Duwal, S.R., Mujeeburahiman, M. and Rekha, P.D. (2018). Vitamin C inhibits crystallization of struvite from artificial urine in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. International Brazilian Journal of Urology, 44(6): 1234-1242.
Markey, B., Leonard, F., Archambault, M., Cullinan, A. and Maguire, D. (2013). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. 2nd ed., St Louis: Mosby, Elsevier, pp: 105-120.
Meutan, D. (2012). Laboratory evaluation and interpretation of the urinary system. In: Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. Thrall, M.A., Weiser, G., Allison, R. and Campbell, T. editors. 2nd ed., Iowa, USA: Wiley-Blackwell publication, pp: 323-377.
Motamedi, S.M. (2016). Effect of supplementing ascorbic acid, vitamin E and betaine on the performance, immune response and blood parameters in broiler. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 10(39): 201-211.
Osborne, C.A., Lulich, J.P., Kruger, J.M., Ulrich, L.K. and Koehler, L.A. (2009). Analysis of 451,891 canine uroliths, feline uroliths, and feline urethral plugs from 1981 to 2007: Perspectives from the Minnesota Urolith Center. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice, 39(1): 183-197.
Palma, D., Langston, C., Gisselman, K. and McCue, J. (2013). Canine struvite urolithiasis. Compendium, 35(8): 1-8.
Pourali, F., Moosavi, Z., Shahsavani, D. and Azizzadeh, M. (2019). Experimental comparison of the effects of ascorbic acid and thiamine in prevention of lead induced tissue damages in selected tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 13(49): 27-40.
Roe, K., Pratt, A., Lulich, J., Osborne, C. and Syme, H.M. (2012). Analysis of 14,008 uroliths from dogs in the UK over a 10‐year period. Veterinary Clinical Science, 53(11): 634-640.
Sosnar, M., Bulkova, T. and Ruzicka, M. (2005). Epidemiology of canine urolithiasis in the Czech Republic from 1997 to 2002. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 46(4): 177-184.
Tion, M.T., Dvorska, J. and Saganuwan, S.A. (2015). A review on urolithiasis in dogs and cats. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 18(1): 1-18.
Vrabelova, D., Silvestrini, P., Ciudad, J., Gimenez, J.C., Ballesteros, M., Puig, P., et al. (2011). Analysis of 2735 canine uroliths in Spain and Portugal. A retrospective study: 2004–2006. Research in Veterinary Science, 91(2): 208-211.
Wan, S.Y., Hartmann, F.A., Jooss, M.K. and Viviano, K.R. (2014). Prevalence and clinical outcome of subclinical bacteriuria in female dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 245(1): 106-112.
Willems, A., Paepe, D., Marynissen, S., Smets, P., Maele, I. and Picavet, P. (2017). Results of Screening of Apparently Healthy Senior and Geriatric Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 31(1): 81-92.
Wynn, S.G., Witzel, A.L., Bartges, J.W., Moyers, T.S. and Kirk, C.A. (2016). Prevalence of asymptomatic urinary tract infections in morbidly obese dog. Peer J, 14(4): e1711.
