تحلیل جامعه شناختی نقش جنبش‌های اجتماعی در شکل گیری سیاست‌های زیست‌محیطی
سعید ابراهیمی اونبربیگلو
1
(
دانشجوی دکترای روابط بین الملل ، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
)
محمد یوسفی جویباری
2
(
استادیار گروه علوم سیاسی و روابط بین‌الملل واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران. نویسنده مسئول yousefijouybari@iaut.ac.ir
)
سیدجلال‌الدین دهقانی فیروزآبادی
3
(
استاد گروه روابط بین‌الملل دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران- ایران
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: محیط زیست, جنبش های اجتماعی, جنبش های زیست محیطی,
ملخص المقالة :
یکی از مهمترین ابعاد کیفیت زندگی ، امنیت و سلامت زیست محیطی است . امروزه مسأله محیط زیست از جایگاه مهمی در حوزه عمومی و گفتمانی یا افکار عمومی برخوردار شده است و جنبش های زیست محیطی به یکی از مهمترین و قوی ترین جنبش های اجتماعی تبدیل شده و بر فرایند تصمیم گیری تاثیر گذار بوده است. این جنبش ها توانسته اند به رغم محدودیت زیاد از نظر منابع قدرت مادی ، تأثیراتی تعیین کننده بر سایر کنشگران و بر تصمیمات داشته باشند . هدف اصلی این جنبش‌ها، توسعه گفتمان‌های زیست محیطی و پیوند زدن مسائل زیست محیطی به جوامعی است که در این راه موفقیت های چشمگیری کسب نموده اند . بطور کلی مناظره تئوریکی درباره جنبش های اجتماعی از سال های 1960 به طور چشمگیری برجسته شده است . رشد مناظره تئوریکی درباره چگونگی درک و شناخت جنبش های اجتماعی واکنشی به رشد و گسترش این جنبش ها در درون جوامع توسعه یافته بود. نقش جنبش های اجتماعی در تأثیرگذاری بر سیاست های زیست محیطی قابل توجه است و این جنبش ها در این زمینه دارای توانایی های فراوانی هستند . توجه اکثر دولت ها ، سازمان ها ، محققان و دانشمندان به نقش این جنبش ها جلب شده است و این خود به معنای تأثیرگذاری جنبش های اجتماعی بر سیاست های زیست محیطی است .
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2-Alizadeh, Massoud, Zaranshan, Shahram, Dolatabadi, Zohra (2017) Participation of non-governmental organizations in the creation and implementation of environmental rights of the European Union, Public Law Research Quarterly, 20th year, number 60, autumn
3-Askar Jalalian, Zarei, Mustafa, Afrogh, Abdul Mohammad (2017) Challenges of international criminal law in combating environmental crimes, International Police Studies Quarterly, Year 7, Number 33, Spring.
4-Barnes, S. H., & Kaase, M. (1979). Political action: Mass participation in five Western democracies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5-Barry, John (1999) Environment and Social Theory. London and New York: Routledge. Cambridge University Press
6-Brilliants, A. B. & Fernandez, M. T. (2011). “Good Governance, Social Quality and Active Citizenship in Philippine”. International Journal of Social Quality, 1 (2).
7-Clarke, John N. and Edwards, Geoffrey R. (2004) “Introduction.” In Global Governance in the Twenty-First Century, Edited by John N. Clarke and Geoffrey R. Edwards, pp. 1-20. Houndmills and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
8-Coffin, Barbara (2002) Rethinking International Organization Deregulation and Conservation. New York: Springer.
9-Dalton, R. J. (2005). “The Greening of the Global Cross-National Levels of Environmental Group Membership”, Environmental Politics, 14 (4).
10-Dalton, R. J. (2015). “Waxing or Waning? The Changing Patterns of Environmental Activism”, Environmental Politics, 24 (4).
Global Governance. London and New York: Routledge
11-Dell, K. (2002). “Participatory Environmentalism, The Forth Wave?”, Presented in Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, Massachusetts, August, 27 September
12-Esty, Daniel and Mendelsohn, Robert (1998) "Moving From National to International Environmental Policy". Policy Sciences 31: 225-235.
13-Gvosdev, Nikolas K. (2005) "Communitarian Realism". American Behavioral Scientist 48 (12): 1591-1606.
14-Hoffmann, Matthew J. (2005) "What's Global About Global Governance? A Constructivist Account". In Contending Perspective on Global Governance Coherence, Contestation and World Order, Edited by Alicc Ba and Mathew J. Hoffmann, pp. 110-128. London and New York: Routledge.
15-Holdo, M. (2019). “Sincerity as Strategy: Green Movements and the Problem of Reconciling of Deliberative and Instrumental Action”, Environmental Politics, 28 (4).
16-Jessop, B. (2010). “Redesigning the State, Reorienting State Power and Rethinking the State”, in in K.T. leicht&J.C.Jenkins (eds), Hand Book of politics Politics and State and Society in Global Perspective, New York, springer publications.
17-Khagram, Sanjeev, Riker, James V. and Sikkink, Kathryn (2002) "From Santiago to Transnational Social Movements/ Networks/ And Norms, Edited by Sanjeev Khagram,
18-Keshavarzii, Saeed, Khaje Nouri, Bijan, Ghaffarinasab, Esfandiar (2016) Evaluation of the effect of different media on the level of participation in environmental movements: the case of Iran's nature scavengers’ movement, Quarterly Journal of Public Policy-Strategic Studies, Vol. 7, No. 25, Winter.
19-Maiba, Hermann (2005) "Grassroots Transnational Social Movement Activist: The Case of People's Global Action". Social Focus 41-63.
20-Moshirzadeh, Homeira, Hashemi, Seyedeh Fatemeh (2012) The role of transnational movements in the global management of environmental affairs, Policy Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 43, Number 1, Spring.
21-Mosleh, Pegah (1400) Environmental issue: a priority in the construction of political theorizing, political and international approaches, period 13, number 1, autumn.
22-O' Neill, Kate (2009) The Environment and International Relations. Cambridge:
23-Roberts, Julian (2007) Marine Environment Protection and Biodiversity
24-Sardarnia, Khalil Elah (1400) Environmental movements in current political economies with a focus on the silent revolution theory, International Political Economy Studies, 4th period, 1st issue. Seattle: Transnational Advocacy Groups". In Restructuring World Politics
25-Simbor, Reza, Rafiei, Mohammad (2017) The Nature of Environmental Movements in the European Union, International Relations Research, 8th Volume, 4th Issue, Winter.
26-Smith, Jackie (2002) "Bridging Global Divides? Strategies Framing and Solidarity in Transnational Social Movement Organization". International Sociology 17 (4): 505-528.
27-Smith, Jackie and Fenter, Tina (2007) "Structural Approaches in the Sociology of social Movements". In Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines, Edited by Conny Roggeband and Bert Klandermans, pp. 13-57. New York: Springer.
28-Snow, D. E., & Oliver, P. E. (1995). Social movements and collective behavior: Social psychological dimensions and considerations. In K. S.
29-Ziniel. C. & Bradley, T. (2018). “Greening SMEs and the New Wave of the Environmental Social Movement”, International Journal of Social Quality, 8 (2).
30-Zurn, Michael (2004) Global Governance and Legitimacy Problems. Government and Opposition 39 (2): 260-87.
Research Paper
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- Andrews, K. & Caren, N. (2010). “Making the News, Movements, Organizations, Media Attention and the Public Agenda”. American Sociological Review, 75(6)
2-Alizadeh, Massoud, Zaranshan, Shahram, Dolatabadi, Zohra (2017) Participation of non-governmental organizations in the creation and implementation of environmental rights of the European Union, Public Law Research Quarterly, 20th year, number 60, autumn
3-Askar Jalalian, Zarei, Mustafa, Afrogh, Abdul Mohammad (2017) Challenges of international criminal law in combating environmental crimes, International Police Studies Quarterly, Year 7, Number 33, Spring.
4-Barnes, S. H., & Kaase, M. (1979). Political action: Mass participation in five Western democracies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
5-Barry, John (1999) Environment and Social Theory. London and New York: Routledge. Cambridge University Press
6-Brilliants, A. B. & Fernandez, M. T. (2011). “Good Governance, Social Quality and Active Citizenship in Philippine”. International Journal of Social Quality, 1 (2).
7-Clarke, John N. and Edwards, Geoffrey R. (2004) “Introduction.” In Global Governance in the Twenty-First Century, Edited by John N. Clarke and Geoffrey R. Edwards, pp. 1-20. Houndmills and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
8-Coffin, Barbara (2002) Rethinking International Organization Deregulation and Conservation. New York: Springer.
9-Dalton, R. J. (2005). “The Greening of the Global Cross-National Levels of Environmental Group Membership”, Environmental Politics, 14 (4).
10-Dalton, R. J. (2015). “Waxing or Waning? The Changing Patterns of Environmental Activism”, Environmental Politics, 24 (4).
Global Governance. London and New York: Routledge
11-Dell, K. (2002). “Participatory Environmentalism, The Forth Wave?”, Presented in Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston, Massachusetts, August, 27 September
12-Esty, Daniel and Mendelsohn, Robert (1998) "Moving From National to International Environmental Policy". Policy Sciences 31: 225-235.
13-Gvosdev, Nikolas K. (2005) "Communitarian Realism". American Behavioral Scientist 48 (12): 1591-1606.
14-Hoffmann, Matthew J. (2005) "What's Global About Global Governance? A Constructivist Account". In Contending Perspective on Global Governance Coherence, Contestation and World Order, Edited by Alicc Ba and Mathew J. Hoffmann, pp. 110-128. London and New York: Routledge.
15-Holdo, M. (2019). “Sincerity as Strategy: Green Movements and the Problem of Reconciling of Deliberative and Instrumental Action”, Environmental Politics, 28 (4).
16-Jessop, B. (2010). “Redesigning the State, Reorienting State Power and Rethinking the State”, in in K.T. leicht&J.C.Jenkins (eds), Hand Book of politics Politics and State and Society in Global Perspective, New York, springer publications.
17-Khagram, Sanjeev, Riker, James V. and Sikkink, Kathryn (2002) "From Santiago to Transnational Social Movements/ Networks/ And Norms, Edited by Sanjeev Khagram,
18-Keshavarzii, Saeed, Khaje Nouri, Bijan, Ghaffarinasab, Esfandiar (2016) Evaluation of the effect of different media on the level of participation in environmental movements: the case of Iran's nature scavengers’ movement, Quarterly Journal of Public Policy-Strategic Studies, Vol. 7, No. 25, Winter.
19-Maiba, Hermann (2005) "Grassroots Transnational Social Movement Activist: The Case of People's Global Action". Social Focus 41-63.
20-Moshirzadeh, Homeira, Hashemi, Seyedeh Fatemeh (2012) The role of transnational movements in the global management of environmental affairs, Policy Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 43, Number 1, Spring.
21-Mosleh, Pegah (1400) Environmental issue: a priority in the construction of political theorizing, political and international approaches, period 13, number 1, autumn.
22-O' Neill, Kate (2009) The Environment and International Relations. Cambridge:
23-Roberts, Julian (2007) Marine Environment Protection and Biodiversity
24-Sardarnia, Khalil Elah (1400) Environmental movements in current political economies with a focus on the silent revolution theory, International Political Economy Studies, 4th period, 1st issue. Seattle: Transnational Advocacy Groups". In Restructuring World Politics
25-Simbor, Reza, Rafiei, Mohammad (2017) The Nature of Environmental Movements in the European Union, International Relations Research, 8th Volume, 4th Issue, Winter.
26-Smith, Jackie (2002) "Bridging Global Divides? Strategies Framing and Solidarity in Transnational Social Movement Organization". International Sociology 17 (4): 505-528.
27-Smith, Jackie and Fenter, Tina (2007) "Structural Approaches in the Sociology of social Movements". In Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines, Edited by Conny Roggeband and Bert Klandermans, pp. 13-57. New York: Springer.
28-Snow, D. E., & Oliver, P. E. (1995). Social movements and collective behavior: Social psychological dimensions and considerations. In K. S.
29-Ziniel. C. & Bradley, T. (2018). “Greening SMEs and the New Wave of the Environmental Social Movement”, International Journal of Social Quality, 8 (2).
30-Zurn, Michael (2004) Global Governance and Legitimacy Problems. Government and Opposition 39 (2): 260-87.
Research Paper
