بررسی جذب و کارآیی مصرف نور در کشت مخلوط ارزن معمولی و سویا تحت تنش کمبود آب

الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

سمیه حاجی نیا ¹ ( گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران )
گودرز احمدوند ² ( دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران )

تاريخ الإرسال : 22 الأحد , محرم, 1438 تاريخ التأكيد : 03 الإثنين , جمادى الثانية, 1439 تاريخ الإصدار : 04 الثلاثاء , جمادى الثانية, 1439

الکلمات المفتاحية: کشت مخلوط, تنش کمبود آب, سطح برگ, ماده خشک, جذب نور,

ملخص المقالة :

به منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش کمبود آب بر سطح برگ، کارآیی مصرف نور و ماده خشک سویا (Glycine max L.) و ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.) در کشت مخلوط، آزمایشی در سال 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشـاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی ‌سینای همدان به صـورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تنش کمبود آب در سه سطح (آبیاری پس از 60، 90 و 120 میلی‌متر تبخیر آب از تشتک تبخیر) به عنوان عامل اصلی و الگوی کاشت جایگزینی در پنج سطح (تک‌کشتی سویا (100S)، تک‌کشتی ارزن (100M)، کشت مخلوط جایگزینی 33 درصد سویا+ 67 درصد ارزن (33S:67M)، 50 درصد سویا+ 50 درصد ارزن (50S:50M) و 67 درصد سویا+ 33 درصد ارزن (67S:33M) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد، بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ سویا و ارزن به ترتیب به میزان 68/5 و 23/3 در تک‌کشتی آنها به‌دست آمد. تنش شدید کمبود آب شاخص سطح برگ سویا و ارزن را به ترتیب 03/33 و 33/33 درصد نسبت به عدم تنش کاهش داد. بالاترین ماده خشک در تک‌کشتی سویا و ارزن به ترتیب به مقدار 613 و 540 گرم بر مترمربع، حاصل شد. تنش شدید کمبود آب ماده خشک سویا و ارزن را به ترتیب 87/39 و 56/31 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. کارآیی مصرف نور ارزن در الگوهای کشت مخلوط (33S:67M)، (50S:50M) و (67S:33M) به ترتیب 85/24، 86/29 و 76/26 درصد بیشتر از کشت خالص ارزن بود. در حالی که، کارآیی مصرف نور سویا در کشت مخلوط کاهش یافت و میانگین آن در طول فصل رشد از 97/0 گرم بر مگاژول در نسبت (33S:67M) تا 77/1 گرم بر مگاژول در تیمار کشت خالص سویا متغیر بود. نتایج نشان داد تنش کمبود آب تأثیر منفی بر کارآیی مصرف نور ارزن و سویا داشت

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