واکنش عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L) به همزیستی با گونه‌های قارچ میکوریزا تحت تنش شوری

الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مدینه بیژنی ¹ ( دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران )
پرویز یدالهی ده چشمه ² ( واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان، شهرکرد، ایران )
مسلم حیدری ³ ( دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران )
مهدی قنواتی ⁴ ( عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه پیام نور زاهدان، ایران )

تاريخ الإرسال : 04 السبت , ذو القعدة, 1435 تاريخ التأكيد : 29 الأربعاء , محرم, 1437 تاريخ الإصدار : 11 الثلاثاء , ربيع الأول, 1437

الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, گیاه دارویی, تنش, همزیستی,

ملخص المقالة :

به منظور بررسی تأثیر همزیستی میکوریزا در سطوح مختلف تنش شوری بر رشد، عملکرد و غلظت عناصر غذایی تجمع یافته در گیاه زیره سبز، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال 1392 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل آبیاری با آب شور در سه سطح (1 [شاهد]، 5 و 10 دسی زیمنس بر متر) به عنـوان عـامل اصلـی و همـــزیستی با سه گونه ی میکوریزا (Glomus intraradices,hoiG. ،G.etanicatum) و بدون قارچ به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. تاثیر تنش شوری بر تمام خصوصیات مورد مطالعه به جز تعداد چتر در بوته معنی دار بود، به طوری که تنش شدید (10 دسی زیمنس بر متر) وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در چتر، فسفر، کلسیم و منیزیم دانه را به ترتیب 17.71 ، 11.40، 14.95، 46.08 و 13.60 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. با کاربرد قارچ‌های میکوریزا، بیشترین تعداد دانه در چتر و فسفر دانه به ترتیب با 28.4 و 54.4 % افزایش نسبت به عدم شاهد در گونه G. intraradices و تعداد چتر در بوته با میانگین 9.7 عدد در گونه G. etanicatum حاصل شد. آغشته کردن گیاه با گونه های قارچ میکوریزا بر میزان کلسیم، منیزیم و وزن هزار دانه تاثیر معنی داری نداشت. اثر متقابل میکوریزا و تنش شوری بر غلظت سدیم، پتاسم، و نسبت Na/K و همچنین عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در بوته معنی دار بود. در بین سه گونه قارچ مورد استفاده در شرایط تنش شدید (10 دسی زیمنس بر متر)، گونه G. intraradices عملکرد دانه و تعداد دانه در بوته را به ترتیب 28.5 و 47.6 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. لذا، می‌توان چنین بیان داشت که همزیستی میکوریزایی اغلب منجر به بهبود حرکت آب به داخل گیاه میزبان می‌گردد و گیاهان تحت رژیم‌های مختلف شوری وابستگی زیادی به میکوریزا جهت افزایش عملکرد دارند.

المصادر:

Abdelhafez, A.A., and R.A. Abdel-Monsief. 2006. Effects of VA mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, yield and nutrient content of cantaloupe and cucumber under different water regimes. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 2(6): 503-508.

Abou El-Maged, M.M., M.F. Zaki, and S.D. Abou-Hussein. 2008. Effect of organic manure and different levels of saline irrigation water on growth, green yield and chemical content of sweet fennel. Australian Journal Basic and Applied Sciences. 2(1): 90-98.

Ahmed, R., and N. Jabeen. 2009. Demonstration of growth improvement in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) by the use of organic fertilizers under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 41(1): 1373-1384.

Akram, G., M. Ashraf, and F. Al-Qurainy. 2011. Aminolevulinic acid induced change in yield and seed-oil of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) plants under salt stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 43(6): 2845-2852.

Alizadeh, A. 2007. Effect of moisture on nutrient uptake by mycorrhizal maize in different situations. JournalAgriculture Reserch. 3 (1): 101-108. (In Persian).

Al-Karaki, G.N. 2006. Nursery inoculation of tomato with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and subsequent performance under irrigation with saline water. Scientia horticulturae. 109: 1–7.

Amerian, M.R., W.S. Stewart, and H. Griffiths. 2001. Effect of two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth, assimilation, and leaf water relations in maize (Zea mays). Aspects of Applied Biology 63: 71–76.

Asghari, H.R., P. Marschner, S.E. Smith, and F.A. Smith. 2005. Growth response of Atriplex nummularia to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at different salinity levels. Plant and Soil. 273: 245–256.

Bahmaniar, M.A. 2006. The interactive effects of saline irrigation water, potassium and gypsum on mineral nutrient accumulation and grain protein content of wheat (Triticum aestivium L.). Journal of Agronomy. 5 (2): 257-261.

Bardel, J. 2013. Effects of normal and saline water along with organic and chemical fertilizer on quantitative traits and essential oils of cumin. Master Thesis of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol. (In Persian)

Bouzid, N., and D. Youcef. 2009. Ameliorative effect of CaCl₂ on growth, membrane permeability and nutrient uptake in Atriplex halimus sub sp. schweinfurthii grown at high (NaCl) salinity. Desalination. 249(1): 163–166

Fallahiyan, F., H. Abbaspur, H. Fahimi, and R.A. Khavazi Nejad. 2005. The effect of Endomycorrhizal on mineral nutrition of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) growth, under salinity stress. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi). 67: 82-86. (In Persian)

Farshid, R., G.R. Zamani, and M.A. Behdani. 2009. The effect of salinity and methods of Nitrogen application fertilizer on yield and yield component of wheat. (Triticum sativum L.). MSc Thesis of Agronomy. Faculty of Agriculture. Birjand University, Iran. (In Persian)

Francois, L.C., Grieve, M.E., Mass, V., and Lesch, S.M. 1994. Time of salt stress effect growth and yield components of irrigated wheat. Agronomy. 86: 100-107.

Ghamarnia, H., Z. Jalili, and S. Diachin. 2012. The effects of saline irrigation water on different components of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). International JournalAgriculture Sciences. 2(10): 915-922.

Gogoi, P., and R.K. Singh. 2011. Diferent effect of some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of Piper longum L. (Piperaceae) Indian Journal Science Technology. 4(2): 119- 125.

Hadi M.R., and N. Karimi. 2012. The role of calcium in plants salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 35: 2037- 2054.

Hassanzadeh-Delouei M, F. Vazin, and J. Nadaf. 2013. Effect of salt stress in different stages of growth on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova. 153(1): 89-97.

Hussein, O.S., A.H. Hanafy Ahmed, A.R. Ghalab, and A.M. El Henfy. 2012. Some active ingredients from irradiated Ambrosia maritime seeds growing under different soil salinity levels. American Journal of Plant Physiology. 7(2):70-83.

James, B., D. Rodel, U. Lorettu, E. Reynaldo, and H. Tariq. 2008. Effect of vesicular arboscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna Spectabilis. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 40(5):2217-2224.

Janjansa F., S. Andrew, and E. Sally. 2008. Are there benefits of simultaneous root colonization by different arbuscuar mycorrhiza fungi. New Phytologist. 177(3): 779-789.

Jindal, V., and A. Atawal. 1993. Effect of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae on metabolism of moong plant under Nacl salinity. Plant Physiol and Biochem. 31- 475-481.

Kafi, M., and A. Keshmiri. 2011. This yield landraces and cultivars Hindi cumin (Cuminum cyminum) in terms of drought and salinity. Journal of Horticultural Science (Agricu. Sciences and Tech.). 25 (3): 324- 327. (In Persian).

Karagiannidis, N., T. Thomidis, E. Panou-Filotheou, and C.H. Karagiannidis. 2012. Response of three mint and two oregano species to Glomus etunicatum inoculation. Australian Journal Crop Sciences. 6(1): 164- 169.

Katergi, N. 1994. Effect of salinity on emergence and on water stress early seedling growth of sunflower and maize. Agriculture Water Management. 26: 81-91.

Knudsen D., G.E. Peterson, and P.E. Pratt. 1982. Lithium, sodium and potassium. P. 225- 246. In: A. L. Page (ed). Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Am.Soc.Agron. Medison, WI.

Lal, R. 2009. Soil degradation as a reason for inadequate human nutrition. Food Security. 1: 45-57.

Lindsay, W.L. 1972. Zinc in soils and plant nutrition. Argonaut Advanced Manual. 24: 147- 186.

Maiquetía, M., A. Cáceres, and A. Herrera. 2009. Mycorrhization and phosphorus nutrition affect water relations and CAM induction by drought in seedlings of Clusia minor. Annal Botany. 103: 525–532.

Mansour, M.M., F.Z.M. Salama, and A.F. Abou Hadid, 2005. Cell and plant responses to NaCl in Zea mays L. cultivars differing in salt tolerance. General Applied of Plant Physiology 31(1-2): 29-41.

Mansouri, H., A. Ahmadi Moghadam, and N. Rohani. 2007. Responses of mycorrhiza and Non-mycorrhizal bean plants to salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Biologycal. (1): 80-88. (In Persian).

Marschner, H. 1986. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press London. p. 76-94.

Marschner, H., and B. Dell. 1994. Nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal symbiosis. Plant and Soil. 159: 89-102.

Meloni, D.A., M.A. Oliva, H.A. Ruiz, and C.A. Martinez. 2001. Contribution of proline and inorganic solutes to osmotic adjustment in Cotton under salt stress. Plant Nutrition. 24(3): 599-612.

Moradi R., P. Rezvani Moghaddam, M. Nasiri Mahallati, and A. Nezhadali. 2011. Effects of organic and biological fertilizers on frut yield and essential oil of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgar var. Duice). Spanish Journal Agriculture Reserch. 9(2): 546- 553.

Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., M. Heidarpour, A. Aghakhani, and M. Feizi. 2008. Effects of leaching on soil desalinization for wheat crop in an arid region. Plant,Soil and Enviroment. 54: 20–29.

Nabizadeh, M.R. 2002. Effect of salinity on growth and yield of cumin. MA Thesis Agriculture. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (In Persian)

Oreyi, M., S.J. Tabatabaii, A. Falahi, and A. Imani. 2009. Effects of salinity and based on growth, photosynthesis rate, nutrient concentration and sodium almond tree. Journal of Horticultural Science (Agricu. Sciences and Tech). 23 (2): 140- 131. (In Persian)

Patel, N.T., A. Guptab, and A.N. Pandey. 2010. Salinity tolerance of Avicennia marina (Forsk) vierh from Gujarat coasts on India. Aquatic Botany. 93: 9- 16.

Poljakoff, M.A., G.F. Somers, E. Werker, and J.I. Gallagher. 1994. Seeds of Kosteletzkya virginica (Malvaceace), their structure, germination and salt tolerance. American Journal of Botany. 79(3): 249-256.

Poss J.A., E. Pond, J.A. Menge, and W.M. Jarrel. 1985. Effect of salinity on mycorrhizal onion and tomato in soil with and without addieional phosphate. Journal of Plant and Soil. 88: 307-319.

Rajali, F., B. Mardokhi, and M.G. Malakoti. 2010. The impact of mycorrhizal symbiosis on water use efficiency, proline accumulation and nutrient uptake of wheat under saline conditions. Journal of Agricultur and Water Resources. 24 (2): 111 122. (In Persian)

Rameeh, V., A. Rezaei, and G. Saeidi. 2004. Study for salinity tolerance in rapeseed. Commun. Soil Sciences. 35: 2849-2866.

Ramezani, E., M. Ghajar Sepanlou, and H.A. Naghdi Badi. 2011. The effect of salinity on the growth, morphology and physiology of Echium amoenum Fisch. African Journal of Biotechnology. 10(44): 8765-8773.

Rayan, J.R., G. Estefan, and A. Rashid. 2001. Soil and plant analysis laboratory manual, (2^nd edition). ICARDA, Syria. pp: 231.

Rezvani, M., B. Afshang, A.A. Gholizadeh, and F. Zafarian. 2011. Effect of different phosphorus sources and mycorrhizal fungi on growth and phosphorus uptake in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Manufacturing. 1 (2): 97 118. (In Persian)

Semiz G.D., A. Unlukara, E. Yurtseven, D.L. Suarez, and I. Telci. 2012. Salinity impact on yield, water use, mineral and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Journal of Agriculture Sciences. 18: 177-186.

Singh, R.P., A. Choudhary, A. Gulati, H.C. Dahiya, P.K. Jaiwal, and R.S. Sengar. 1997. Response of plants to salinity in interaction with other abiotic and factors. In: Jaiwal P.K., Singh, R.P., and Gulati, A. (Eds.) Strategies for improving salt tolerance in higher plants. Science Publishers, Enfield, N.H. Pp. 25–39.

Smith, S.E., and D.G.M. Read. 2008. Mycorrhizal symbiosis, 3^rd Edn. Academic, London.

Song, H. 2005. Effects of VAM on host plant in the condition of drought stress and its mechanisms. Electronic Journal of Biology. 1(3): 44-48.

Tabatabaii, J. 2009. Mineral nutrition of plants. Printing and Offset Khwarizmi, Tabriz, 389 pages. (In Persian)

Tuna, A.L., C. Kaya, M. Ashraf, H. Altunlu, I. Yokas, and B. Yagmur. 2007. The effect of calcium sulphate on growth, membrane stability and nutrient uptake of tomato plants grown under salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59: 173-178.

Wang, W., B. Vinocur, and A. Altman. 2003. Plants responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures: towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta, Heidelberg. 218 (1): 1-14.

Yaghobian, Y., H. Pirdashti, A. Mohamadi Gol Tape, V. Feisali Asl, and A. Esfandiari. 2012. Evaluate the response of dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Arbuscular mycorrhiza Qarch‌Hay Azar2 to coexist with different levels of drought and mycorrhiza-like. Journal of Agriculture Ecology. 4 (1): 73 -63. (In Persian)