اثر سن نشا و میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه بر صفات زراعی و عملکرد دانه برنج (Oryza sativa) رقم طارم هاشمی
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
نوراله خیری
1
(دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران)
حمیدرضا مبصر
2
(استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, برنج, تراکم بذر, خزانه, سن نشا,
ملخص المقالة :
به‌منظور بررسی اثر سن نشا و میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه بر صفات کمّی برنج رقم طارم هاشمی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1391 در شهرستان آمل، به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار اجرا شد. سن نشا در سه سطح (20، 30 و 40 روزه) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و چهار سطح میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه (10، 30، 50 و 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. بر اساس نتایج این بررسی، اثر سن نشا بر طول پانیکول (خوشه)، تعداد کل پنجه و پنجه های بارور در کپه، درصد دانه پر، تعداد دانه پوک و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار بود. تیمار میزان بذر مصرفی در خزانه فقط بر عملکرد دانه اثرگذار بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایش بر ارتفاع بوته، طول ساقه و خوشه، تعداد دانه پوک و شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار گردید. با افزایش سن نشا از 20 به 40 روز، از تعداد کل پنجه در کپه، تعداد پنجه های بارور، درصد دانه پر و شاخص برداشت کاسته شده و در مقابل طول پانیکول و تعداد گلچه پوک افزایش یافتند. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (3033 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با مصرف 30 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار به دست آمد و با افزایش میزان بذر مصرفی، از 30 به 70 کیلوگرم در هکتار، عملکرد دانه حدود 15 درصد (2567 کیلوگرم در هکتار) کاهش یافت. با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، برای دست یابی به توان عملکردی رقم طارم هاشمی، استفاده از نشاهای 20 روزه و مصرف 30 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار مناسب تر است.
Abedi, H.A. 2001. Determination of the effect of seedling age and transplanting time on rice yield in Esfahan. Publications of Agricultural Research Center. (In Persian).
Abolhasani, S.A. 2009. Investigate the effect of seedling age and planting density on agronomic traits of rice (cv. Shiroodi) in different planting. M.Sc Thesis of Agronomy. Islamic Azad University of Roudehen. 86p. (In Persian).
Adhikari, B.B., B. Mehera, and S. Haefele. 2013. Impact of rice nursery nutrient management, seeding density and seedling age on yield and yield attributes. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 4: 146-155.
Alizadeh, M.A., and H.R. Isvand. 2006. Rice in Egypt. Rice and pulse office. Agronomy Deputy. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Publication. 541p. (In Persian).
Anisuzzaman, M., M. Salim, and M.A.H. Khan. 2010. Effect of seed rate and nitrogen level on the yield of direct seeded hybrid boro rice. Journal of Agroforestry and Environment. 4(1): 77-80.
Anonymous. 2003. Production technology of rice in the Punjab. Tel Media Pakistan Agriculture.
Aslam, M.M., M. Zeeshan, A. Irum, M.U. Hassan, S. Ali, R. Hussain, P.M.A. Ramzani, and M.F. Rashid. 2015. Influence of seedling age and nitrogen rates on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.): A Review. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 6: 1361-1369.
Bagheri, R., H.R. Mobasser, A. Ghanbari, and S. Dastan. 2011. Effect of seedling age and potassium rates on morphological traits related-lodging, yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Iran. American-Eurassian Journal Agricultuar Sciences. 11 (2): 261-268.
Chauhan, B.S. 2013. Effect of tillage systems, seeding rates, and herbicides on weed growth and grain yield in dry-seeded rice systems in the Philippines. Crop Protection. 54: 244-250.
Maiti, P.K., and B. Bhattacharya. 2011. Effect of seeding rate and number of seedlings/hill on the growth and yield of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) grown in dry (boro) season. Crop Research. 42(1, 2 & 3): 18-22.
Dedatta, S.K. 1981. Principles and practices of rice production. IRRI. 505p.
Fathalinejhad, K., A.R. Valadabadi, J. Daneshian, M. Nahvi, S. Bakhshipour, and A. Mohaddesi. 2011. Evaluation of effect of seedling age on the yield and yield components of four rice cultivars. Journal of Agronomy Sciences. 4(6): 51-63. (In Persian).
Hari, O.M., S. Katyal, and K. Dhiman.1997. Growth analysis of hybrid rice as influenced by seedling density in nursery and nitrogen levels. Haryana Agricultural University Journal of Research. 27: 107-110.
Harris, K.D., and R. Vijayaragavan. 2015. Optimum seed rate for maximum yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. 3(11): 1-5.
Jafari-Kelaryjani, S.M. 2007. Use of seed different amounts and different planting methods in nursery on yield and yield components two rice genotypes in Mazandaran province. M.Sc Thesis of Agronomy. Islamic Azad University of Varamin. P 78. (In Persian).
Koohi, R., M. Samdeliri, H.R. Mobasser, A.A. Mousavi, and M. Haghverdian. 2011. Effect of seedling age and chlormequat chloride application on grain yield and lodging correlated traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Tarom Hashemi. Journal of Crop Production in Environmental Stress. 3 (1 & 2): 59-70. (In Persian).
Mishra, A., and V.M. Salokhe. 2008. Seedling characteristics and the early growth of transplanted rice under different water regimes. Experimental Agriculture. 44: 1-19.
Mousavi, S.H., GH. Fathi, KH. Alamisaeid, A. Siahpoosh, M.H. Gharineh, and M.R. Moradi Telavat. 2010. Evaluation of herbicide application and seeding rate on competition between rice (Oryza sativa L.) and barnyard-grass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 3(1): 173-186. (In Persian).
Noorbakhshian, S.G. 2003. Effect of seed rate, planting date in nursery and transplanting date on yield and yield components of rice (Koohrang cultivar). Iranian Journal Crop Sciences. 5(4): 261-272. (In Persian).
Padalia, C.R. 1980. Effect of age of seedling on the growth and yield of transplanted rice. Oryza. 81: 165-167.
Pramanik, K., and A.K. Bera. 2013. Effect of seedling age and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, chlorophyll content, yield and economics of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 4(S): 3489-3499.
Ramzani, A., and A.H. Jalali. 2014. Effects of seedling age and seeding rate in seedling tray on yield and yield components of rice in Isfahan. Journal of Crop Production and Processing. 4(12): 1-10. (In Persian).
Rosegrant, M.W., S. Msangi, C. Ringler, T.B. Sulser, and T. Zhu. 2008. International model for policy analysis of agricultural commodities and trade (IMPACT): Model description. Washington, D.C. (USA): International Food Policy Research. Institute. 42p.
Salem, A.K.M., W.M. Elkhoby, A.B. Abou-Khalifa, and M. Ceesay. 2011. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer and seedling age on inbred and hybrid rice varieties. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 11(5): 640-646.
Sarker, T.K., M.D. Hussain, M.A. Salam, and M.G. Rabbani. 2012. Effect of seedling age and method of transplanting on the yield of Aman rice. Progressive Agriculture. 24(1&2): 9-16.
Sarwa, N., M. Maqsood, A. Wajid, and M. Anwar-ul-Haq. 2011. Impact of nursery seeding density, nitrogen, and seedling age on yield and yield attributes of fine rice. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. 71: 343- 349.
Sasaki, R. 2004. Characteristic and seedling establishment of rice nursling seedling. Journal of Agriculture Research Center. 38(1): 7-13.
Singh, O.P., D. Pal, and H. Om. 1987. Effect of seed rate in nursery and seedlings/hill on the yield of transplanted rice. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 32: 96-97.
Soomro, H.A., F.C. Soomro, A.H. Oad, and N.L. Oad. 2001. Effect of transplanting dates on yield and its related traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Online Journal of Biological Scientifics. 1(5): 363-364.
Subedi, R. 2013. Nursery management influence yield and yield attributes of rainfed lowland rice. Journal of Sustainable Society. 2(4): 86-91.
Teng, F., H. Chen, Y. Zeng, X. Cal, and D. Zhu. 2015. Effect of different seedling age on the growth and yield of double cropping of late rice. Agricultural Science and Technology. 16(7): 1385-1389.
Vahedi, A., M. Zahedi, and Z. Bakhshi. 2012. Effect of seedling age on agronomy traits and grain yield of rice cultivars in Guilan. Journal of Research in Crop Science. 5(17): 123-132. (In Persian).
Vojdani, M. 2006. Effects of seedling age and planting patterns on agronomy traits of rice (Neda Cultivar). M.Sc Thesis of Agronomy. Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. 90p. (In Persian).
Yoseph, T., and W. Gebre. 2014. Determination of optimum seed rate for productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.), at Woito, southern Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. 3(3): 199-202.
