تاثیر کاربرد زئولیت و میکوریزا بر ویژگی های فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد سویا و تجمع سرب در خاک آلوده به سرب
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیزیور حیدرپور صارمی 1 , ماشااله دانشور 2 , امیدعلی اکبرپور 3 , افسانه عالی نژادیان بیدآبادی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زارعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه زارعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه زارعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه آموزشی مهندسی کشاورزی خاک‌شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: کاتالاز, رشد, دانه روغنی, فاکتور انتقال, گیاه‌پالایی,
ملخص المقالة :
از مهم‌ترین آلاینده های محیط زیست می توان به عنصر سرب اشاره کرد که بر جذب عناصر غذایی در گیاه تاثیرگذار است. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر زئولیت و میکوریزا بر خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی گیاه سویا در خاک آلوده به سرب در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان به انجام رسید. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. عامل ها شامل میکوریزا در دو سطح (شاهد و تلقیح با میکوریزا (گونه گلوموس)) و زئولیت در سه سطح (صفر، پنج و ده درصد وزنی) بودند. خاک تمام گلدان ها با غلظت 200 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم نیترات سرب آلوده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد به جز ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، تعداد غلاف در بوته و تعداد شاخه فرعی که تحت تأثیر اثرات اصلی میکوریزا و زئولیت قرار گرفتند، در بقیه صفات اثرات متقابل آنها معنی دار بود. کاربرد زئولیت10% به همراه تلقیح با میکوریزا موجب بهبود شاخص سطح برگ (84%)، فعالیت کاتالاز (150%)، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (220%)، وزن هزار دانه (51%)، عملکرد دانه (94%)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (51%) و شاخص برداشت (34%) و کاهش تجمع سرب در ریشه (43%) و اندام هوایی (44%)، فاکتور انتقال (75%) و تجمع زیستی در ریشه (43%) و اندام هوایی (43%) شد. بالاترین عملکرد دانه (3609 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (9026 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از استفاده هم‌زمان از میکوریزا و زئولیت 10% به دست آمد. به‌طورکلی، کاربرد میکوریزا و زئولیت علاوه بر کاهش تأثیرات فلزات سنگین موجود در خاک و بهبود عملکرد کمّی و کیفی تولیدی می تواند در گیاه‌پالایی فلزات سنگین مؤثر باشد.
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Babaakbari Sari, M., M. Farahbakhsh, G.R. Sawaqbi, and N.A. Najafi. 2013. Investigation of arsenic concentration in some calcareous soils of Qorveh and its uptake by corn, wheat and rapeseed in a naturally contaminated soil. Journal of Soil and Water Science. 23 (4): 1-17. (In Persian).
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Bi, Y., L. Xiao, and R. Liu. 2019. Response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to remediation abandoned solid waste of coal mine. International Journal Coal Science Technolology. 6: 603-610.
Blanco, A., M.J. Salazar, C. Vergara Cid, M.L. Pignata, and J.H. Rodriguez. 2017. Accumulation of lead and associated metals (Cu and Zn) at different growth stages of soybean crops in lead-contaminated soils: food security and crop quality implications. Environmental Earth Sciences. 76(4): 182-195.
Boularbaha, A., C.H. Boularbaha, G. Bitton, W. Aboudrar, A. Ouhammou, and J.L. Morel. 2006. Heavy metal contamination from mining sites in South Morocco: assessment of metal accumulation and toxicity in plants. In Chemosphere. 63: 811-817.
Cabuk, A., S. Ilhan, C. Filik, and F. Caliskan. 2005. Pb2+ biosorption by pretreated fungal biomass. Turkrisk Journal Biology. 29: 23-28.
Cakmak, I., and H. Marschner. 1992. Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiology. 98(4): 1222-1227.
Chauhan, R., H. Patel, and S. Rawat. 2020. Biosorption of carcinogenic heavy metals by bacteria: Role and mechanism. In Removal of Emerging Contaminants Through Microbial Processes (pp. 237-263). Springer, Singapore
Cid, C.V., M.L. Pignata, and J.H. Rodriguez. 2020. Effects of co-cropping on soybean growth and stress response in lead-polluted soils. 246: 125833.
Cornejo, P., J. Pérez-Tienda, S. Meier, A. Valderas, F. Borie, C. Azcón-Aguilar, and N. Ferrol. 2013. Copper compartmentalization in spores as a survival strategy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Cu-polluted environments. Soil Biology Biochemeisty. 57: 925-928.
Daneshian, J., H. Hadi, and P. Jonoubi. 2009. Study of quantitative and quality characteristics of soybean genotypes in deficit irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences. 11(4):393-409. (In Persian).
Das, P.K., D. Sarangi, M.K. Jena, and S. Mohanty. 2002. Response of greengram (Vigna radiata ) to integrated application of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer in acid lateritic soil. Indian Agriculture. 46 (1): 79- 87.
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