بررسی راهکارهای صرفه جویی در مصرف آب لوبیا چیتی تحت تنش خشکی
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
معصومه محمدپور درشکی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران)
علی نصراله زاده اصل
2
(استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران)
محسن رشدی
3
(استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران)
فرزاد جلیلی
4
(استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران)
ساسان رضادوست
5
(استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد خوی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خوی، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: پرولین, عملکرد دانه, کلروفیل, سوپرجاذب,
ملخص المقالة :
به منظور بررسی روش های کاهش مصرف آب تحت شرایط تنش خشکی در زاعت لوبیا چیتی آزمایشی به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه ای واقع در شهرستان سلماس طی سال 1397 انجام گردید. فاکتور اصلی قطع آبیاری در 3 سطح (آبیاری مطلوب، قطع آبیاری از آخر مرحله گلدهی، قطع آبیاری از آخر مرحله نیام بندی) و فاکتور فرعی روش های کاهش مصرف آب در 5 سطح شامل (شاهد، سوپر جاذب، قارچ میکوریزا، کود نانو پتاسیم و پیش تیمار بذر با پراکسید هیدروژن) در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تاثیر قطع آبیاری و روش های کاهش مصرف آب روی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد، کارآیی مصرف آب، کلروفیل کل و میزان پرولین معنی دار بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل فاکتورهای قطع آبیاری و روش های کاهش مصرف آب بر عملکرد دانه، کارآیی مصرف آب و میزان پرولین معنی دار گردید. با آنکه بیشترین عملکرد دانه به میزان 2133/24 کیلوگرم در هکتار مربوط به تیمار آزمایشی اثر متقابل آبیاری مطلوب همراه با مصرف پلیمر سوپر جاذب بود ولی مشاهده شد که عملکرد دانه در تیمار آزمایشی آبیاری مطلوب و بدون استفاده از روش های کاهش مصرف آب به میزان 1627/21 کیلوگرم در هکتار با تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری در مرحله نیام بندی همراه با مصرف سوپر جاذب به میزان 1564/3 کیلوگرم در هکتار افزایش عملکردی حدود 3/87 درصدی را نشان داد که از نظر آماری معنی دار نبود که این نشانگر صرفه جویی در مصرف آب با استفاده از سوپر جاذب می باشد. همچنین در تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری در مرحله نیام بندی با استفاده از قارچ میکوریزا نسبت به تیمار آزمایشی آبیاری مطلوب، عملکرد دانه 12/3 درصد کاهش یافت که آن نشان دهنده تاثیر بیشتر سوپر جاذب در جلوگیری از کاهش عملکرد دانه نسبت به قارچ میکوریزا در شرایط تنش خشکی می باشد. همچنین، کارایی مصرف آب در تیمار آزمایشی آبیاری مطلوب نسبت به تیمار آزمایشی قطع آبیاری در مرحله نیام بندی همراه با مصرف سوپر جاذب حدود 19 درصد کاهش یافت که نشان دهنده افزایش کارآیی مصرف آب در شرایط تنش خشکی با استفاده از مواد سوپرجاذب می باشد.
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Abedi Koupai, J., M. Salehi-Sirzar, S.S. Eslamian, J. Khajeali, and Y. Hosseini. 2014. Effect of water and pests stresses on cowpea yield. Journal of Water and Soil Science. 18 (68): 157-170. (In Persian).
Abhari, A., A. Azizi, and B. Haresabadi. 2017. The effect of super absorbent on yield and yield components of chickpea under season terminal drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production. 10 (1): 191-202. (In Persian).
Aghchehli, S., A. Rahemi Karizaki, A. Gholamalipoor, and A. Gholizadeh. 2016. The effect of drought stress on some morphological characteristics in cold cereals under greenhouse conditions. 2nd National Congress of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Farhangian University. Gorgan. 1-7. (In Persian).
Allahyari, S., A. Golchin, and A.R. Vaez. 2013. Study on effect of super absorbent polymer application on yield and yield components of two chickpea cultivars under rainfed conditions. Journal of Plant Production. 20 (1): 125-139. (In Persian).
Allen, E.B., and M. Allen. 2016. Water relations of xeric grasses in the field interactions of mycorrhizas and competition. New Phytol. 104: 559-571.
Amanullah, S., A. Iqbal, M. Irfanullah, M. Irfanullah and Z. Hidayat. 2016. Potassium management for improving growth and grain yield of maize (Zea mays) under moisture stress condition. Scientific Reports. 6: 34627.
Amini, S., C. Ghobadi, and A. Yamchi. 2015. Proline accumulation and osmotic stress: an overview of P5CS gene in plants. Journal of Plant Molecular Breeding. 3(2): 44-55.
Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzyme in isolated chloroplasts polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24(1):1-15.
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Karimi, A., and M. Naderi. 2008. Yield and water use efficiency of forage corn as influenced by superabsorbent polymer application in soils with different textures. Agricultural Research. 7(3): 187-197. (In Persian).
Kazemi Arbat, H. 2008. Gronomy cereal crops. Tehran University Press, Tehran, Iran. 315 pp. (In Persian).
Liang, X., L. Zhang, S.K. Natarajan, and D.F. Becker. 2013. Proline mechanisms of stress survival. Antioxid Redox Signal. 19 (9): 998–1011.
Li, X., J.Z. He, J.M. Hughes, Y.R. Liu, and Y.M. Zheng. 2014. Effects of superabsorbent polymers on a soil- corn system in the field. Applied Soil Ecology. 73:58-63.
Moazen Ghamsari, B., G.A. Akbari, M. Zohorian, and A. Birdianic. 2018. Investigation and growth indices of forage maize under the influence of different amounts of superabsorbent polymer under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 4 (3): 1-8. (In Persian).
Mortezavi, S.M., A. Tavakoli, M.H. Mohammadi, and K. Afsahi. 2015. Effect of superabsorbent on physiological traits and yield of wheat Azar2 cultivar under dry farming condition. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi. 1(6): 112-118. (In Persian).
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