تأثیر کاربرد برگی هورمون‌های جیبرلین و کینیتین بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی هیبریدهای ذرت (.Zea mays L)
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیعقیل عالی پور 1 , طیب ساکی نژاد 2 , شهرام لک 3 , علیرضا شکوه فر 4 , مجتبی علوی فاضل 5
1 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
3 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
5 - گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد, کلروفیل, جیبرلین, هیبریدهای ذرت, کینتین,
ملخص المقالة :
در مدیریت به‌زراعی ذرت، علاوه بر تأمین بذر هیبرید مناسب، عوامل دیگری از جمله هورمون‌های گیاهی نیز اهمیت دارند از این رو این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر نوع بذر هیبرید و کاربرد برگی هورمون‌های جیبرلین و کینتین بر شاخص‌های رشدی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی ذرت در شهرستان اهواز در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات طی دو سال زراعی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. هیبریدهای ذرت دانه‌ای شامل سینگل‌کراس 704 (دیررس)، 616 (متوسط‌رس) و 71AS (متوسط رس) به عنوان فاکتور اصلی و محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین در سه سطح صفر، 200/150 و 400/300 پی‌پی‌ام به عنوان فاکتور فرعی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاکی از آن بود که اثر ساده نوع هیبرید و محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین بر ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، کلروفیل‌های a، b و کل و درصد پروتئین دانه از نظر آماری مؤثر بود. همچنین، اثر متقابل محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین در هیبرید بر روی ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، وزن خشک اندام‌هوایی، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، کلروفیل‌های a، b و کل ودرصد پروتئین دانه و اثر متقابل هیبرید در محلول‌پاشی کینتین/جیبرلین در سال بر شاخص سطح برگ هیبریدهای مختلف ذرت تأثیر معنی دار آماری داشت. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقادیر صفات مورد بررسی در هر دو سال زراعی در سینگل کراس 704 ذرت و پس از محلول‌پاشی جیبرلین/کینتین به نسبت 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام به‌دست آمد. نسبت جیبرلین/کینتین 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام در همه هیبریدها، تأثیر بهتری بر صفات مختلف مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی داشت. بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت که صفات بسیار مهمی هستند، مربوط به رقم سینگل کراس 704 همراه با محلول‌پاشی هورمون‌ها به نسبت 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام بود. با توجه به‌نتایج به‌دست آمده، استفاده از هیبرید سینگل کراس 704 ذرت و محلول‌پاشی آن با جیبرلین و کینتین به نسبت 200/150 پی‌پی‌ام می تواند مورد توجه باشد.
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Ahmadi, A., P. Ehsanpour, and F. Jabari. 2004. An introduction to plant physiology volume One, TehranUniversity.Paper 653. (In Persian).
Alizadeh, O., B. Jafari-Haghighi, and K. Ordookhani. 2010. The effects of exogenous cytokinin application on sink size in bread wheat (Triticumaestivum). African Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(21): 2893-2898. doi: 5897/AJAR.9000705.
Al-Khafaji, A.S.K., and M.H.S. Al-Asadi. 2018. Effect of detasseling and spraying of gibberellic acid in the growth and yield of some subspecies of yellow corn. Euphrates Journal of Agriculture Science. 10(2): 93-109.
Al-Shaheen, M.R., A. Soh, and G.F. Al-Samarai. 2014. Growth response of Corn (Zea mays) to proline and gibberellic acid under different irrigation levels. International Journal of Botany and Research. 4(6): 7-15.
Arvin, P., and R. Firozeh. 2017. Effect of density and gibberellin on some morphological, physiological and essence content in the medicinal plant of coriander )Corianderum sativum(. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 34(6): 888-908. (In Persian). doi: 10.22092/ijmapr.2019. 121029. 2279
Ashraf, M.Y., N. Azhar, and M. Hussain. 2006. Indole acetic acid (IAA) induced changes in growth, relative water contents and gas exchange attributes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) grown under water stress conditions. Plant Growth Regulation. 50(1): 85-90. doi: 10.1007/s10725-006-9130-6.
Bottini, R., F. Cassan, and P. Piccoli. 2004. Gibberellin production by bacteria and its involvement in plant growth promotion and yield increase. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 65(5): 497-503. doi:1007/s00253-004-1696-1.
Cox, W.J., and D.J.R. Cherney. 2001. Row spacing, plant density, and nitrogen effects on corn silage. Agronomy Journal. 93: 597-602. doi: 10.2134/agronj2001.933597x.
Cui, W., Q. Song, B. Zuo, Q. Han, and Zh. Jia. 2020. Effects of gibberellin (GA4+7) in grain filling, hormonal behavior, and antioxidants in high-density maize (Zea mays). Plants. 9: 978. doi:10.3390/plants9080978.
Davani, D., M. Nabipour, and H. Roshanfekr Dezfuli. 2016. Effect of different concentrations of cytokinin and auxin on yield and yield components of maize (Zeamays). Journal of Plant Production. 40(1): 69-81. (In Persian). doi: 10.22055/ppd.2016.12433.
Dayal, V., A.K. Dubey, S.K. Singh, R.M. Sharma, A. Dahuja, and C. Kaur. 2016. Growth, yield and physiology of mango (Mangifera indica) cultivars as affected by polyembryonic rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae. 199(16): 186–197. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.12.042.
El-Ghait, A., M. Emam, O.A. Gomeaa, A.S.M. Youssef, and A.M. El- Nemr. 2018. Effect of kinetin and GA3 treatments on growth and flowering of Dendranthemagran diflorium Art Queen plants. Middle East Journal. 7(3): 801-815.
Esmaeili, S., O. Rohi, and B. Shiran. 2013. Investigation of the effects of calcium chloride, gibberellin and benzyl adenine on quantitative and qualitative properties and longevity of ahar flower (Zinnia elegans). Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 27(4): 444-452. (In Persian).
Estakhar, A., and Z. Dehghanpour. 2010. Determining the appropriate planting date for new early cultivars of corn in the second crop in temperate area of Fars province. Seed and Plant Breeding Journal. 26(2): 169-191. (In Persian). doi: 22092/sppj. 2017.110402.
Fathi, S., A. Samadi, M. Davari, and S. Asadi Kapourchal. 2014. Evaluating different extractants for determining corn available potassium in some calcareous soils of Kurdistan province. A Quarterly Journal Cereal Research. 4(3): 253-266. doi: 1001.1.22520163.1393.4.3.6.4
Ghateei, A., A. Bakhshande, A.R. Ebdali Mashhadi, and S.A.A. Syadat. 2015. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and foliar application of cytokinin on yield and yield components of wheat under end-of-season heat stress conditions in Ahvaz. Journal of Production and Processing of Agricultural and Horticultural Products. 5(16): 97-106. (In Persian). doi: 10.18869/acadpub.jcpp.5.16.97
Ghorbani Javid, M., A. Sorooshzadeh, F. Moradi, S.A.M. Modarres Sanavy, and I. Allahdadi. 2011. The role of phytohormones in alleviating salt stress in crop plants. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 5(6): 726-734.
Islam, MS, M.K. Hasan, B. Islam, N.A. Renu, M.A. Hakim, M.R. Islam, M.K. Chowdhury, A. Ueda, Saneoka, M. Ali Raza, S. Fahad, C. Barutçular, F. Cig, M. Erman, and A. El Sabagh. 2021. Responses of water and pigments status, dry matter partitioning, seed production, and traits of yield and quality to foliar application of GA3 in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Front Agronomy. 2:596850. doi: 10.3389/fagro.2020.596850.
Islam, S., and H. Mehraj. 2014. Growth and yield of wheat as influenced by GA3 International Journal of Business Social and Scientific Research. 2(1): 74-78.
Itoh, H., M. Tanaka-Ueguchi, H. Kawaide, X.B. Chen, Y. Kamiya, and M. Matsuoka. 1999. The gene encoding tobacco gibberellin 3 β-hydroxylase is expressed at the site of GA action during stem elongation and flower organ development. The Plant Journal for Cell and Molecular Biology. 20(1): 15–24. doi: 1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00568.x
Jaddoa, K.A., A.H. AL-Maeini, and R.A. AL-Zobiady. 2017. Effect of gibberellin and ethephon on growth and yield of bread wheat grown in different sowing dates. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences. 3(5): 136-142. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170305.15
Khan, N.A., S. Singh, R. Nazar, and P.M. Lone. 2007. The source sinks relationship in mustard. Asian and Australasian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology. 1(1): 10-18.
Kochaki, A., and GH.H. Sarmadnia. 2012. Plant physiology. University Jihad Publications of Shahid Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 400 Paper. (In Persian).
Machanda, G., and N. Garg. 2008. Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Agricultural Plant Physiology. 30(5): 595-618. doi: 1007/s11738-008-0173-3.
Mahrokh, A., M. Nabipour, H.A. Roshanfekr Dezfuli, and R. Chokan. 2016. Effect of auxin and cytokinin concentrations on photosynthetic pigments and proline amino acid under drought stress in single cross maize 704. Journal of Plant Process and Function. 5(16): 165-178. (In Persian). doi: 1001.1.23222727.1395.5.16.15.0
Mohammadi, C., L. Alivand, F. Farahvash, H. Hamzeh, K. Anori, and C. Arefi. 2013. Grouping of maize hybrids based on some agronomic characteristics. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 1(25): 1-16. (In Persian).
Mohammadi, M., and A. Khademi. 2017. Evaluation of the effect of foliar application of gibberellin and calcium at different stages of growth on some quantitative and qualitative traits of sweet pepper. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 48(4): 823-832. (In Persian). doi: 22059/ijhs.2018.211788.1048.
Niakan, M., and M. Habibi. 2016. The effect of cytokinin on growth indices and photosynthesis of Cucurbita maxima at different drought levels. Journal of Plant Environmental Physiology. 11(42): 56-65. (In Persian). doi: 20.1001.1. 76712423.1395.11.42.2.7
Nordstrom, A., P. Tarkowski, D. Tarkowska, R. Norbaek, C. Astot, K. Dolezal, and G. Sandberg. 2004. Auxin regulation of cytokinin biosynthesisin Arabidopsis thaliana: A factor of potential importance for auxin-cytokinin regulated development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 101(21): 8039-8044. doi:1073/pnas.0402504101.
Passos, A.M.A.D., P.M.D. Rezende, A.A.D. Alvarenga, D.P. Baliza, E.R. Carvalho, and H.P.D. Alcantara. 2011. Yield per plant and other characteristics of soybean plants treated with kinetin and potassium nitrate. Cienciae Agrotecnologia. 35(5): 965-972. doi: 1590/S1413-70542011000500014.
Peel, M.C., B.L. Finlayson, and T.A. Mc Mahon. 2007. Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions. 4(2): 439-473. doi: 5194/hess-11-1633-2007.
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