اثر محلول پاشی و مصرف خاکی نانوذرات کیتوزان بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) تحت تنش خشکی

الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

فریده بهبودی ¹ , زین العابدین طهماسبی سروستانی ² , محمد زمان کسایی ³ , سیدعلی محمد مدرس ثانوی ⁴ , علی سروش زاده ⁵

1 - دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
4 - - استاد دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
5 - دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

تاريخ الإرسال : 22 الأحد , شوال, 1438 تاريخ التأكيد : 17 السبت , جمادى الأولى, 1439 تاريخ الإصدار : 07 الثلاثاء , رمضان, 1439

الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, کربوهیدرات, کلروفیل, فتوسنتز,

ملخص المقالة :

کیتوزان یک پلی ساکارید گلوزامین مشتق شده از کیتین است که به عنوان الیسیتور زیستی برای بهبود بخشیدن بیوسنتز متابولیست‎های ثانویه و به عنوان کود در کنترل آزادسازی ترکیبات شیمیایی سموم و تحریک جوانه‎زنی و رشد گیاه استفاده می‎شود. بنابراین، اثر نانوذرات کیتوزان بر گیاه جو تحت تنش خشکی آخر فصل، پژوهشی به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در شرایط گلدانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. فاکتورهای آزمایش شـامل غلظت نانـوذرات در 4 سطح (0، 30، 60 و 90 پی پی ام)، روش مصرف در 2 سطح (محلول پاشی و خاک مصرف) و رژیم آبیاری در 2 سطح (آبیاری کافی و قطع آبیاری 15 روز بعد از گرده افشانی) بودند. برای انجام آزمایش پس از کاشت بذور جو، محلول نانوذرات کیتوزان آماده شده در سه مرحله رشدی گیاه (پنجه دهی، ساقه دهی و سنبله دهی) به صورت خاک مصرف و محلول پاشی مصرف گردیدند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی به طور معنی داری میزان کاروتنوئید، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه ای، تعرق، عملکرد دانه و بیوماس را کاهش و میزان کربوهیدرات محلول، گلوگز، ساکارز، فروکتوز، غلظت CO2 زیر روزنه (Ci) و کارآیی مصرف آب فتوسنتزی (WUE) را افزایش داد. همچنین، مصرف نانوذرات کیتوزان در هر دو رژیم آبیاری، موجب افزایش معنی‎دار کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و گلوکز شد. مصرف 60 و 90 پی‎پی‎ام نانوذرات کیتوزان موجب افزایش معنی‎دار عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد شد. در بیشتر صفات مورد مطالعه، تفاوت معنی‎دار بین دو روش مصرف نانوذرات مشاهده نشد. در مجموع، کاربرد نانوذرات کیتوزان موجب کاهش اثرات مضر تنش خشکی و بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه جو گردید.

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