بهبود عملکرد و روغن دانه آفتابگردان(Helianthus annuus L) با کاربرد کودهای آلی و شیمیایی
الموضوعات : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
عبداله جوانمرد
1
(
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه
)
فریبرز شکاری
2
(
گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
)
الکلمات المفتاحية: عملکرد دانه, شاخص برداشت, درصد روغن, کود مرغی, کود گاوی, کود نیتروژنی,
ملخص المقالة :
این پژوهش برای بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آفتابگردان روغنی هیبرید ایروفلور، به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه‌ی طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 12 تیمار و 4 تکرار در سال زراعی 1393 در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل کود شیمیایی در سه سطح، C0 (بدون مصرف کود شیمیایی)، C1 (مصرف 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره)، ) C2مصرف 75 کیلوگرم در هکتار اوره+50 کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرفسفات تریپل) و فاکتور دوم شامل کود آلی در چهار سطح، O0 (بدون مصرف کود آلی)، O1(کود گاوی به میزان 40 تن در هکتار)، O2 (کود مرغی به میزان 30 تن در هکتار)، O3 (مصرف 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی) بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار شاخص کلروفیل برگ‌ها در ترکیب تیماری 50 درصد نیتروژن+ 50 درصد فسفر و کود مرغی و بعد از آن در ترکیب تیماری مصرف 150 کیلوگرم کود اوره+ کود مرغی حاصل شد. عملکرد دانه با کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی (مصرف 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی و 50 درصد نیتروژن+ 50 درصد فسفر) نسبت به مصرف 50 درصد نیتروژن+ 50 درصد فسفر، 02/42 درصد افزایش یافت. همچنین، بیشترین تعداد دانه در طبق در برهم کنش 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن و 40 تن در هکتار کود گاوی به دست آمد. عملکرد بیولوژیک و شاخص برداشت با کاربرد 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی به ترتیب 22.9 و 15.98 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافتند. بالاترین درصد روغن (52.45 درصد) در تیمار 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی به دست آمد که نسبت به شاهد 30.13 درصد افزایش نشان داد. همچنین، بیشترین عملکرد روغن (1784.57 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به ترکیب تیماری 50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی با 75 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه+ 50 کیلوگرم کود فسفره تعلق داشت. بنابراین مصرف تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی (50 درصد کود مرغی+ 50 درصد کود گاوی با 75 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژنه+ 50 کیلوگرم کود فسفره) در بهبود صفات کمّی و کیفی آفتابگردان مؤثرتر از مصرف به‌تنهایی هر یک از آنها دیده شد.
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