Application of Reflective Photography Technique in Visual-Semantic Evaluation from Citizens' Point of View (Case Study: Urban Landscape of Shiraz)
الموضوعات : Space Ontology International Journal
Hajar Asadpour
1
(Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture & Urbanism, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.)
Mahmoud Ghalehnoee
2
(Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture & Urbanism, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.)
Armin Bahramian
3
(Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture & Urbanism, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: urban landscape, Landscape Meaning, Visual-Semantic Evaluation, Reflective Photography,
ملخص المقالة :
Semantic contradictions between the contemporary and historical urban landscapes have led to a crisis of meaning in cities. Shiraz, one of the metropolises of Iran, unfortunately, has undergone destruction in the modern era. This research aims to extract the meaning received by the citizens and compare the visual-semantic features of the city. Given this, a combination of photography with a structured questionnaire under the title of “Reflective Photography” has been utilized, with the assistance of “Photo Content Analysis” in the Atlas Ti 8 software. The results showed that the semantic parameters/factors “Sense of Place” and “Structure-Related Qualities” have the most repetition in both historical and contemporary urban landscape contexts and could be entirely beneficial to form a new meaning or strengthen the mental image. There is no meaningful link between meanings and the visual feature of photos, nonetheless, further developments should definitely consider attention to the “Sky View” and “Greenery”.
Alehashemi, A., & Sarihi, S. (2011) Bernard Lassus awarded IFLA gold medal 2009. MANZAR, the Scientific Journal of landscape 3(13): 42-47. (In Persian)
Barati, N. (2006) Challenges have to be faced in the context of urbanism in Iran at the beginning of the 21th century. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar 3(6): 5-29. (In Persian)
Barros, M. S., Degbelo, A., & Filomena, G. (2021) Evaluative image 2.0: A web mapping approach to capture people’s perceptions of a city. Transactions in GIS.
Bell, G., & Dourish, P. (2004) Getting out of the city: Meaning and structure in everyday encounters with space. Paper presented at the Workshop on Ubiquitous Computing on the Urban Frontier, Ubicomp.
Bell, S. (2019). Elements of visual design in the landscape. Routledge.
Brown, G., & Raymond, C. (2007) The relationship between place attachment and landscape values: Toward mapping place attachment. Applied geography 27(2): 89-111.
Burley, J. B. (2006) A quantitative method to assess aesthetic/environmental quality forsurface mine planning and design. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development 2(5): 524-529.
Cai, L., Xu, J., Liu, J., Ma, T., Pei, T., & Zhou, C. (2019) Sensing multiple semantics of urban space from crowdsourcing positioning data. Cities 93: 31-42.
Capone, P. (2013) The landscape theory by Bernard Lassus: an Italian example. Ornamental Horticulture, 19(1), 63-66.
Corner, J. (1999) Recovering landscape: Essays in contemporary landscape theory, Princeton Architectural Press.
Cuthbert, A. (2006) The form of Cities: Political Economy and Urban Design, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing.
Daniel, T. C., & Vining, J. (1983) Methodological issues in the assessment of landscape quality. In Behavior and the natural environment (pp. 39-84): Springer.
Do, E. Y.-L., & Gross, M. D. (1997) Tools for visual and spatial analysis of CAD models. In CAAD futures 1997 (pp. 189-202): Springer.
Dronova, I. (2017) Environmental heterogeneity as a bridge between ecosystem service and visual quality objectives in management, planning and design. Landscape and Urban Planning 163: 90-106. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.03.005
Evered, E. (2016) The role of the urban landscape in restoring mental health in Sheffield, UK: service user perspectives. Landscape Research 41(6): 678-694. doi:10.1080/01426397.2016.1197488
Falahatkar, H., & Aminzadeh, B. (2018) The sense of place and its influence on place branding: a case study of Sanandaj natural landscape in Iran. Landscape Research. 1(45): 123-136.
Gerodimos, R. (2018) Youth and the city: Reflective photography as a tool of urban voice. Journal of Media Literacy Education 10(1): 82-103.
Golchin, P., & Irani Behbahani, H. (2013) Evaluating Landscape in Archaeological Sites with an Emphasis on Formal Aesthetic Approach: The Case of Bishapour and Tange-Chogan Region, Iran. Journal of Environmental Studies 39(2): 11-24. Doi: 10.22059/jes.2013.35410.
Hart, Y., Goldberg, H., Striem-Amit, E., Mayo, A. E., Noy, L., & Alon, U. (2018) Creative exploration as a scale-invariant search on a meaning landscape. Nature communications 9(1): 1-11.
Hu, S., Xu, Y., Wu, L., Wu, X., Wang, R., Zhang, Z, Mao, W. (2021) A framework to detect and understand thematic places of a city using geospatial data. Cities 109: 103012. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.103012
Huang, W., & Li, S. (2016) Understanding human activity patterns based on space-time-semantics. ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing 121: 1-10.
Jacobs, M. H., & Buijs, A. E. (2011) Understanding stakeholders' attitudes toward water management interventions: Role of place meanings. Water Resources Research 47.
Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S., & Ryan, R. (1998) With people in mind: Design and management of everyday nature: Island press.
Kudryavtsev, A., Stedman, R. C., & Krasny, M. E. (2012) Sense of place in environmental education. Environmental education research 18(2): 229-250.
Lang, J. (1987) Creating architectural theory. The role of the behavioral sciences in environmental. Design.
Langmann, S., & Pick, D. (2018) Photography as a social research method: Springer Singapore.
Latifi, G., & Paknezad, N. (2021) Evaluating urban shape of Tehran through differential semantics scale. Cogent Engineering 8(1): 1937829.
Lynch, K. (2015). The city image and its elements. In The city reader (pp. 620-630): Routledge.
Ma, X., Ma, C., Wu, C., Xi, Y., Yang, R., Peng, N, Ren, F. (2021) Measuring human perceptions of streetscapes to better inform urban renewal: A perspective of scene semantic parsing. Cities 110: 103086. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.103086
Mambretti, I. M. (2011) Urban parks between safety and aesthetics: Exploring urban green space using visualisation and conjoint analysis methods (Vol. 4): vdf Hochschulverlag AG.
Nasar, J. L. (2000) The evaluative image of places: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Nasar, J. L. (2008) Assessing Perceptions of Environments for Active Living. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 34(4): 357-363. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2008.01.013
Pakzad, J., & Saki, E. (2014) Aesthetic Experience of Built Environment. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary VA Shahrsazi 19(3): 5-14. Doi: 10.22059/jfaup.2014.55399. (In Persian)
Perovic, S., & Folic, N. K. (2012) Visual perception of public open spaces in Niksic. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 68: 921-933.
Pitt, D. G., & Sube, E. H. (1979) The Q-sort method: Use in landscape assessment research and landscape planning. Paper presented at the Proceedings of our national landscape: a conference on applied techniques for analysis and management of the visual resource.
Raaphorst, K., Duchhart, I., van der Knaap, W., Roeleveld, G., & van den Brink, A. (2017) The semiotics of landscape design communication: towards a critical visual research approach in landscape architecture. Landscape Research 42(1): 120-133. doi:10.1080/01426397.2016.1257706
Rapoport, A. (1990) The meaning of the built environment: A nonverbal communication approach. University of Arizona Press.
Rodrigues, A. (2016) The camera as an educational tool: Reflective photography for examining impressions and perceptions about a destination. CIAIQ2016, 5.
Sajadzadeh, H., & Eris, B. (2017) The study of meaning production in urban spaces based on the structuration theory case study: Tabriz Bazaar. Human Geography Research 49(2): 273-287. Doi: 10.22059/jhgr.2017.55475.
Sankaravelayuthan, R. (2018) An Introductory Course on Semantics and Pragmatics.
Shen, Y., Xu, Y., & Liu, L. (2021) Crowd-Sourced City Images: Decoding Multidimensional Interaction between Imagery Elements with Volunteered Photos. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10(11): 740.
Stiles, R. (1994) Landscape theory: a missing link between landscape planning and landscape design? Landscape and Urban Planning 30(3): 139-149.
Swaffield, S. (Ed.). (2002) Theory in landscape architecture: A reader. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Wakamiya, S., Lee, R., & Sumiya, K. (2011) Urban area characterization based on semantics of crowd activities in twitter. Paper presented at the International Conference on GeoSpatial Sematics.
Worster, A. M., & Abrams, E. (2005) Sense of place among New England commercial fishermen and organic farmers: Implications for socially constructed environmental education. Environmental education research 11(5): 525-535.
