The evolution of urban spaces in the shadow of globalization with emphasis on socio-cultural dimensions
الموضوعات :
Space Ontology International Journal
Zahra Foroutan
1
,
Manouchehr Tabibian
2
1 - Department of Urban Planning, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
2 - College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
تاريخ الإرسال : 28 الخميس , ذو القعدة, 1442
تاريخ التأكيد : 07 الثلاثاء , رجب, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 28 الثلاثاء , رجب, 1443
الکلمات المفتاحية:
Globalization,
culture,
public spaces,
local,
ملخص المقالة :
In recent decades, the concept of "globalization" has changed the political-economic and socio-cultural structure worldwide. This concept has caused the actions and developments of a point in the world to affect other parts of the world. The emergence of this new concept gradually created new spaces and great changes in human attitudes toward space. Globalization, which was initially used and accepted at a slow pace, seems to has had a profound effect on urban public spaces in recent years due to the growth of technology and the practical change in the concepts of time and place. During these years, the frequent and rapid display of urban spaces around the world, which has been provided due to the global era and its communication facilities, has caused fundamental differences in the design of new public spaces and on the other hand, in the presence and use of these spaces. Because it has directly affected the culture of societies. The purpose of this study is to identify the important factors influencing the evolution of urban spaces during globalization. This article uses a qualitative meta-analysis method to present a proposed model to improve the planning and design of public spaces in the global era and tries to express an analysis beyond what has been presented so far with qualitative techniques and taking into account global/local policies and standards. In data analysis, the obtained data are proportionally included in the theoretical framework of the research (dimensions of globalization, urban public spaces). These dimensions are considered as predefined codes in the research and the data are analyzed based on these codes. The results show that inter-global/local interaction is the most important issue that will affect the quality of public spaces in global cities. This interaction takes place in global/local dynamics, global standards, and inherent indigenous talents.
المصادر:
Ameli, S.R. (2016) 'dual spatialization of the city: the virtual city is a fundamental necessity for the metropolises of Iran', Culture and Communication Association journal, 2, 3, (in Persian).
Ameli, S.R. et al. (2011) 'Globalization (collection of articles)'. Tehran: Printing and Publishing Organization, (in Persian).
Ameli, S.R., (2016) 'Studies of globalization: dual spatializations and dual globalizations', Organization of the Study and Compilation of University Humanities Books, (in Persian).
Amin, A. and Thrift, N. (1994) 'Globalization, institutions, and regional development in Europe', Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, Received at: https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/en/publications/globalization-institutions-and-regional-development-in-europe(5370969f-d869-45b8-b92b-84db2fd95aba).html.
Artopoulos, G. and Arvanitidis, P. and Suomalainen, S. (2019) 'Using ICT in the Management of Public Open Space as a Commons', Smaniotto Costa et al. (Eds.): CyberParks, LNCS 11380: 167–180. Received at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13417-4_14.
Banerjee, T. and Loukaitou Sideris, A. (1992) 'Private production of downtown public open space: Experience of Los Angeles and San Francisco', Study of Urban and Regional Planning.
Barber, B. (1996) 'How Globalization and Tribalism are Reshaping the Word', NY, Ballantie Books.
Bogalska-Martin, E. Matteudi, E. (2018) 'The Social Question in the Global World', Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Received at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331649327. Date: 01/03/2021.
Brenner, N. (1999) 'Globalization as reterritorialization: The re-scaling of urban governance in the European Union', Urban Studies, 36(3): 431-451. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.483.2958&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
Carmona, M. (2010) 'Contemporary public cspace: Critique and classification, part one: Critique', Journal of Urban Design, 15(1): 123–148.
Carmona, M. and Heath, T. Oc, T. & Tiesdell, S. (2003) 'Public Places - Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design', Oxford: Architectural Press.
Carmona, M. and Demagalhaes, C. & Hammond, L. (2008) 'Public space: The management dimension', London: Routledge.
Choplin, A. Pliez, O. (2015) 'The Inconspicuous Spaces of Globalization', Articulo - Journal of Urban Research, 12: 1-16.
Cohen, E. (2008) 'Globalization and the Boundaries of the State: A Framework for Analyzing the Changing Practice of Sovereignty', Governance, 14(1): 75-97. Received at: https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00152.
Da Cunha, A. et al. (2012) 'Urban geography in the era of globalization: the cities of the future Emerging knowledge and urban regulations', Geography Helv.67: 67–76, Received at: https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-67-67-2012.
Dehshiri, M.R. (2014) 'Globalization and sustainable development' Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 4(2): 64-78, (in Persian).
Gehl, J. and Svarre, B. (2013) 'How to study public life', Transulated by Karen Ann Steenhard Washington: Island Press.
Gençel, Z. Vali Biglou, K. (2006) 'Reconsidering the Planning and Design of Urban Public Spaces in the Information Age: Opportunities & Challenges', 42nd ISOCARP Congress 2006.
Ghahremani, H. and Afsari Bajestani, S. & McCarthy, L. & Jalalianhosseini, M. (2021) 'Transformation of Urban Spaces within Cities in the Context of Globalization and Urban Competitiveness', Journal of Urban Planning and Development,147(3): pp.
Giddens, A. (2001) 'Dimensions of globalization, in S. Seidman and F. C. Alexander, the new social theory reader', polity press, London and New York.
Giddens, A. (2005) 'Global Perspectives', Translated by Mohammad Reza Jalaeipour, Tehran, Tarh-e No Publications, Second Edition.
Hall, P. (2002) 'Cities of tomorrow: An intellectual history of urban planning and designing the twentieth century', Oxford: Black well Publishing.
Holton, R. (2000) 'Globalization's Cultural Consequences. SAGE', 570 (1), Received at: https://doi.org/10.1177/000271620057000111
Imppola, J. (2019) 'Global economy and its sustainability in the globalized world. Globalization and its Socio-Economic Consequences 2019', SHS Web of Conferences 74, 04008 (2020). Received at: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207404008.
Jacobs, J. (1961) 'The death and life of great American cities', NewYork: Random House.
Jafari samimi, A. (2019) 'Economic welfare analysis with emphasis on the dimensions of globalization', Economic Modeling Journal, 12(4), 44: 1-23, (in Persian).
Johnston, R. J. and Gregory, D. & Pratt, G. & Watts, M. (2003) 'The dictionary of human geography', Maiden: Blackwell. Retrieved from: http://www.univpgri-palembang.ac.id/perpus-fkip/Perpustakaan/Geography/Kamus%20 Geografi/Kamus%20Geografi%20Manusia.pdf.
Kasych, A. and Vochozka, M. (2019) 'Globalization processes in the modern world challenging the national economy development', SHS Web of Conferences 65, 09002 (2019), M3E2 2019, https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196509002.
Khandan, P. and Rezaei, H. (2021) 'Investigate and Analyze the Adaptation of Physical Factors with Perceptual-Cognitive Dimensions of the Sense of Place in Public Spaces from Socio-Cultural Perspective; Case Study: Public Spaces in Kermanshah City', Armanshahr journal, 13(33): 91-105, (in Persian).
Kirby, A. and Glavac, S. (2012) 'Privatised development and the quality of urban life'.
Lang, J. (2017) 'The generic and the specific in urban design. Journal of Urban Design' 22(1): 39–41.
Lefebvre, H. (1991) 'The Production of Space', Translated by Nicholson-Smith, Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell.
Lynch, K. (2002) 'City shape theory', Bahraini, Seyed Hossein, University of Tehran Press, Tehran.
Madanipour, A. (2019) 'Rethinking public space: Between rhetoric and reality', Urban Design International, 24: 38–46.
Maher Mafoz, A. S. (2019) 'The impact of open spaces in the social life; the case of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia', Dr. Arc. Maria Pilar Garcia-Almirall, Phd thesis, Doctoral program in Urban and Architectural Management and Valuation, Department of Architectural Technology (TA), Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, UPC, Barcelona – España, SEPTEMBER 2019.
Mandeli, kh. (2019) 'Public space and the challenge of urban transformation in cities of emerging economies: Jeddah case study', Cities, 95: 1024, Received at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.102409.
Mehaffy, M. W. and Elmlund, P., & Farrell, K. (2019) 'Implementing the new urban agenda: The central role of public space', Urban Design International, 24(1): 4–6.
Moazenpour, SH. et al. (2019) 'The effect of the dimensions of cultural globalization on the sense of national identity', Sociology of Social Institutions, 6(14): 97-120, (in Persian).
Navabi Fard, M. and Arashpour, A.R. (2016) 'The impact of globalization on environment', journal of Environmental Law, 1(1): 19-27.
Pakzad, J. and Bozorg, H. (2016) 'An Introduction to Environmental Psychology for Designers', Tehran: Arman-shahr Publication.
Robertson, R. (2001) 'Globalization of social theories and world culture', Translated by Kamal Pouladi, Tehran: Third Edition.
Taşan-Kok, T. and Van weesep, J. (2007) 'Global-local interaction and its impact on cities', Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 22(1): 1-11. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41107365.
UN Habitat (2016) 'Urbanization and development: Emerging futures (world cities report 2016)', UN-Habitat: Nairobi.
Urry, J. (1999) 'Globalization and Citizenship', Journal of World-Systems Research, 5(2): 310-324. Received at: https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.1999.137.
Zaki, Y. and Hosseini Nasr Abadi, N.S. (2014) 'National sovereignty in the light of the dimensions of globalization', Geography (Scientific Research journal and International Geographical Association of Iran), 12(43): 193-211, (in Persian).
Zokin, Sh. (2009) 'DESTINATION CULTURE: How Globalization makes all Cities Look the Same', Center for Urban and Global Studies, 1(1).
