Exclusionary Decision Making in Tehran Metropolitan Region- Complexity, Self organization and Power of Action
الموضوعات :
Space Ontology International Journal
Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour
1
,
Atefeh Soleimani Roudi
2
1 - Associate professor, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Ph.D Ccandidate, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
تاريخ الإرسال : 06 الإثنين , رمضان, 1439
تاريخ التأكيد : 12 الأربعاء , ذو القعدة, 1439
تاريخ الإصدار : 21 السبت , ذو الحجة, 1439
الکلمات المفتاحية:
decision making process,
Urban complexity,
Self-organization,
Power/agency,
Tehran metropolitan region,
ملخص المقالة :
Viewing urban areas as webs of complex, interwoven networks, this article aims to analyze the decision-making process and its outcomes in Tehran metropolitan region. To do so, first the theoretical basis of complexity in urban life and its implications for planning have been reviewed. Using the main notion of power of action i.e. agency, and through creating the network of actors and their relations as defined by the planning system, a qualitative assessment has been carried out. Findings suggest that the concluded decision-making trends and their corresponding planning interventions are feeding the power conflicts between actors and have mainly turned the inherent capacity of self-organization to solve problems into a rather harmful occurrence through processes of exclusion, the most prominent of which are: partial involvement of the actors of the network and a disregard for their interactions, silo mentality and sectoral and fragmented decision making. All of this point out to the necessity of a move towards a form of decision making that is more facilitating, inclusive, fluid and bottom-up in every aspect.
المصادر:
Asgary, Ali, and Gholamreza Kazemian. “Analysis of existing governance structure of metropolitan regions of Iran (in Persian).” Urban Governance Quarterly, 2006: 6-21.
Bar-Yam, Yaneer. Complex Systems Science: Where Does It Come From and Where is It Going To? 26 September 2015. http://www.necsi.edu/research/overview/ccs15.html (accessed December 12, 2016).
Batty, Michael. “Urban Regeneration as Self-Organisation.” Edited by David Littlefield. Architectural Design- Special Issue on London (Re)generation, 2012.
Boonstra, Beitske, and Luuk Boelens. “Self-organization in urban development: towards a new perspective on spatial planning.” Urban Research & Practice 4, no. 2 (2011): 99-122.
Bouchareb, Abdelouahab. “Cours: Projet Urbain- Définitions, Acteurs, stratégie- ." .” Destinés aux Etudiants (es) en URBANISME MASTER 1 académique. Constantine: Universite Mentouri-Constantine, 2011.
Crooks, Andrew T., Amit Patel, and Sarah Wise. “Multi-agent systems for urban planning.” In Technologies for Urban and Spatial Planning: Virtual Cities and Territories: Virtual Cities and Territories, edited by Nuno Norte Pinto, 29-57. Hershey PA: IGI Global, 2013.
Cvetinovic, Marija, Zorica Nedovic-Budic, and Jean-Claude Bolay. “Decoding urban development dynamics through actor-network methodological approach.” Geoforum 82 (2017): 141-157.
de Roo, Gert. “Planning and complexity: An introduction .” In A Planner’s encounter with complexity, by Gert de Roo and Elizabete A. Silva, 1- 19. Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing limited, 2010.
de Roo, Gert, and Elizabete A. Silva. A Planner’s Encounter with Complexity. Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2010.
Eghtesad Online. The increase in Mehr social housing prices in the 11th phase of Pardis (in Persian). 23 November 2015. http://www.eghtesadonline.com/fa/content/104641/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B2-11-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3.
Hajipour, Khalil. Explanation of formation and spatial evolution of Tehran metropolitan region (in Persian) (PhD dissertation). Tehran: Tehran University, 2009.
Hamshahri Online. Financing Mehr social housing through land exchange (in Persian). 29 August 2015. http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/305416.
Healey, Patsy. Urban complexity and spatial strategies: Towards a relational planning for our times. Routledge, 2007.
Huang, Wei-Ju. “ICT-Oriented Urban Planning Strategies: A Case Study of Taipei City, Taiwan.” Journal of Urban Technology 19, no. 3 (2012): 41-61.
Kauffman, Stuart. Investigations. Oxford University Press, 2002.
Kazemian, Gholamreza, and Zohre Mir Abedini. “Pathology of integrated governance in Tehran in terms of policy and decision making (in Persian).” Journal of Fine Arts (Tehran University), 2011: 27-38.
Kheyroddin, Reza. “Geo-refrenced analysis of the actions of Tehran urban governance (1993-2007)- moving towards integration or segregation? (in Persian).” Journal of Fine Arts, no. 42 (2010): 71-82.
Kheyroddin, Reza, and Mehdi Naderi. “Success and Failure in Metropolitan Regions Organization- Comparative comparison of east pivot of metropolis Tehran and east pivot of metropolis Paris.” Bagh-e Nazar 12, no. 37 (2016): 17-30.
Kheyroddin, Reza, Reza Piroozi, and Atefeh Soleimani. “METASTATIC SPREAD OF LUXURY HOLIDAY HOMES IN RURAL AREAS: A NEW TYPE OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN TEHRAN METROPOLITAN AREAS.” Journal of Architecture and Planning Research, 2015.
Kheyroddin, Reza, Reza Piroozi, Atefeh Soleimani, and Omid Khazaian. “The Spread of Luxury Holiday Homes in Iranian Rural Areas: An Economic Trend or a Cultural Change? A Study of Damavand County, Iran.” ASRDLF- 50th conference. 2013.
Latour, Bruno. “On actor-network theory: a few clarifications.” Soziale Welt 47 (1996): 369–381.
Mahdi Zadeh, Iman. Pardis- Failed Plan on the Wall (in Persian). 14 January 2013. http://hamshahrionline.ir/details/197787.
McAdams, Michael A. “Complexity Theory and Urban Planning.” Urbana: Urban Affaires and Public Policies, 2008.
Moroni, Stefano. “Complexity and the inherent limits of explanation and prediction: Urban codes for self-organising cities.” Planning Theory 14, no. 3 (2015): 248-267.
News-MRUD. Details of the agreement between Development Organization of Pardis and Water and Wastewater Organization of the province of Tehran (in Persian). 06 September 2015. http://news.mrud.ir/news/11285/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA-%D8%A2.
Nilsson, Kristina L. “Complexity in Spatial Planning Practice and Theory: The Case of Kiruna Mining Town.” In A Planner’s Encounter with Complexity, by Gert de Roo and Elisabete A. Silva, 63-81. Surrey, England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2010.
Paasi, Anssi. “Commentary: Regions are social constructs, but who or what `constructs' them? Agency in question.” Environment and Planning A 42 (2010): 2296- 2301.
Pardis Municipality. The population of the new town of Pardis (in Persian). 16 March 2009. http://www.sh-pardis.ir/DesktopModules/News/NewsView.aspx?TabID=1&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=fa-IR&ItemID=1816&mid=13895&wVersion=Staging.
Portugali, Juval. “Complexity Theories of Cities: Achievements, Criticism and Potentials.” In Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age, edited by J. Portugali, H. Meyer, E. Stolke and E. Tan, 47-62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2012.
—. Self-Organization and the City. Berlin: Springer, 2000.
Rauws, W.S., M. Cook, and T. Van Dijk. “How to Make Development Plans Suitable for Volatile Contexts.” Planning Practice & Research 29, no. 2 (2014): 133-151.
Rauws, Ward. “Embracing Uncertainty Without Abandoning Planning.” The Planning Review 53, no. 1 (2017): 32-45.
Sancton, Andrew. “Jane Jacobs on the Organization of Municipal Governemnt.” Journal of Urban Affairs 22, no. 4 (2000): 463-471.
Tehran Province Water and Wastewater Organization (Eastern). Pardis Operation (in Persian). 2007. http://east.tpww.ir/fa/vahedha/pardis.
Villeneuve, Paul, Catherine Trudelle, Mathieu Pelletier, and Marius Thériault. “Acteurs urbains en conflit, Québec, 1965-2000 : essai d’analyse statistique.” Géocarrefour 81, no. 2 (2006): 135-141.
Whittick, Arnold. Encyclopedia of Urban Planning. University of Minnesota: McGraw-Hill, 1974.
Zhang, Shuhai, and Gert de Roo. “Interdependency of self-organisation and planning: evidence from Nanluoguxiang, Beijing.” Town Planning Review 87, no. 3 (2016): 253- 274.
