طراحی الگوی برنامه درسی پژوهش محوری در مطالعات اجتماعی دوره ابتدایی برای پرورش تفکر و خلاقیت در دانش آموزان
الموضوعات :
راحله قاضی اردکانی
1
(دانشجوی دکتری مطالعات برنامه درسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران)
حسن ملکی
2
( استاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی دانشگاه تهران)
علیرضا صادقی
3
( استادیار دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران)
فریبرز درتاج
4
( استاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: ", پژوهش محوری", , ", مطالعات اجتماعی", , ", برنامه درسی", ,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه: امروزه دانش آموزان برای ورود به عصر دانایی و روبه رو شدن با تحولات شگفت انگیز قرن بیست و یکم باید به طور فزاینده ای مهارت های پژوهش و حل مساله، روحیه ی جست و جوگری و مهارت های تفکر انتقادی و خلاق را برای تصمیم گیری مناسب و حل مسائل پیچیده در خود تقویت کنند، آموزش مهارت های تفکر و یادگیری از طریق روش های یاددهی – یادگیری فرایند مدار و مبتنی بر پژوهش یا حل مساله ضروری به نظر می رسد. هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه الگوی مطلوب برنامه درسی مطالعات اجتماعی بر اساس رویکرد پژوهش محوری انجام شد. روش: پژوهش به روش کیفی- کمی انجام شد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق در فاز کیفی تفکرات و اندیشه های صاحبنظران درباره پژوهش محوری است که در قالب کتب، اسناد، مقالات، مجلات، متون و سایت های اینترنی مطرح شده است و در فاز کمی تمامی صاحبنظران تعلیم و تربیت در رشته برنامه ریزی درسی و حوزه مطالعاتی پژوهش محوری بود که به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند تعداد 15 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شد. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات در فاز کیفی تکنیک تحلیل محتوای گلیزر و استراوس و کاربرگ های تحلیل محتوا و در فاز کمی نیز پرسشنامه محقق ساخته متشکل از گویه های اهداف و محتوا در حوزه شناختی، ارزشی نگرشی و مهارتی بود. پس از برازش اهداف و محتوای مطالعات اجتماعی با توجه به مولفه های پژوهش محوری با تکنیک تحلیلی-استنتاجی اقدام به پیشنهاد روش های تدریس و ارزشیابی شد. یافته ها: نتایج بدست آمده نشان می دهد که بر اساس مولفه های استخراجی اکثر قریب به اتفاق صاحبنظران اذعان داشتند که اهداف و محتوای برنامه درسی مطالعات اجتماعی بر اساس رویکرد پژوهش محوری باید ویژگی هایی همچون حل مساله، تفکر انتقادی، کنجکاوی، فعالیت محور بودن، خود رهبری و خلاقیت داشته باشند.همچنین با اتکا به مبانی نظری و تجربیات کشورهای پیشرو روش های تدریس(روش مساله محوری، کاوشگری، اکتشافی، بحث گروهی، ایفای نقش بدیعه پردازی، بارش مغزی و روش مشارکتی.) و روش های ارزشیابی:( ارزشیابی مداوم، خود ارزیابی، بحث آزاد، هدف آزاد، پوشه کار، ارزشیابی گروهی و فردی، بازخورد دوره ای، ارائه گزارش و همتایان سنجی)پیشنهاد شدند.
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