مطالعه نقش استراتژی و جو سازمانی در رهبری اثربخش و بهبود عملکرد سازمان‌های دولتی (مورد مطالعه : اداره کل شهرداری های سلیمانیه )
الموضوعات :
Heirsh Mohamad Sabir
1
(Ph.D. Candidiate, Department of management, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran,)
mansor Irandost
2
(Department of Management, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran)
Heirsh Soltanpanah
3
(Assist. Prof. Department of management, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran)
تاريخ الإرسال : 25 الإثنين , جمادى الأولى, 1444
تاريخ التأكيد : 13 السبت , رجب, 1444
تاريخ الإصدار : 29 الإثنين , رجب, 1444
الکلمات المفتاحية:
عملکرد سازمانی,
جو سازمانی,
رهبری اثربخش,
AHP,
استراتژی سازمانی,
ملخص المقالة :
امروزه رهبری اثربخش و بهبود عملکرد سازمانی نقش تعیین کننده ای در موفقیت و دوام کسب و کارها دارند. هدف اصلی این تحقیق ارزیابی و بررسی نقش استراتژی و جو سازمانی در رهبری اثربخش و بهبود عملکرد سازمان‌های دولتی با رویکرد AHP فازی می‌باشد. برای دستیابی به این هدف از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با رویکرد تحلیل عاملی و نرم‌افزار SmartPLS، و سپس در مرحله کیفی، با اعتبارسنجی داده ها از لحاظ آماری و کمی استفاده شده است. نمونه آماری این بخش که پرسشنامه‌های تحلیل عاملی را تکمیل نمودند، طبق فرمول کوکران، 280 نفر از روسا و کارشناسان بودند که به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. همچنین در بخش دوم بررسی میزان اثرگذاری متغیرها، از رویکرد AHP فازی استفاده شده است که پرسشنامه این بخش با استفاده از روش نظری توسط 14 خبره تکمیل شده است. در این تحقیق استراتژی‌های سازمانی و جو سازمانی از ابعاد مختلف بررسی و عوامل تاثیر گذار مربوطه شناسایی شده که این عوامل در 2 بخش دسته‌بندی و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند این مطالعه نقش استراتژی و جو سازمانی در رهبری اثربخش و بهبود عملکرد سازمان‌های دولتی از طریق نقش میانجی جو سازمانی و استراتژی را تایید می‌کند. همچنین نمونه های آماری مورد مطالعه بعد از برگزاری 3 پنل، نقش و تاثیرگذاری استراتژی در رهبری اثربخش و بهبود عملکرد سازمان‌های دولتی را به مراتب بیشتر از عامل جو سازمانی نشان می دهد.
المصادر:
Abdullah, K. M., Mustafa, H. A., and Othman, Bestoon, Sadq, Z. M. (2020). The impact of information systems on improving academic staff performance of colleges and institutes – a case of Erbil Polytechnic University. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 12(4), 292-304.
Abdullah, Z. A., Mustafa, H. A., Yildiran, C., and Fidan, Y. (2022). The Management of Cultural Diversity and its Impact on Organizational Performance. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(53), 46 – 64.
Abubakr, S., and Bader, A. H. (2013). Perceived work climate and employee performance in public security organizations in the UAE. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 7(3), 410–424.
Ahmad, A. F., and Karadas, G. (2021). Managers’ Perceptions Regarding the Effect of Leadership on Organizational Performance: Mediating Role of Green Supply Chain Management Practices. SAGE Open, April-June 2021: 1–19.
Al Khajeh, E. H. (2018). Impact of leadership styles on organizational performance. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 2018, 1-10.
Allen, D. K. (2003). Organizational climate and strategic change in higher education: Organizational insecurity. Higher Education, 46, 61-92.
Alsayah, A. (2022). Strategic alignment and its impact on creating an organization's reputation and image. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(1), 501-513.
Bierly, P. E., Damanpour, F., and Michael, S. D. (2009). The application of external knowledge: organizational conditions for exploration and exploitation. Journal of Management Studies, 46(3), 481–509.
Bryman, A. (2007). Effective leadership in higher education: A literature review. Journal of Studies in Higher Education, 32(6), 693–710.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press.
Burton, M, R., Salvador, & Fabrizio. (2014). Big Data and Organization Design Special Issue Editors. Journal of Organization Design, 3(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.7146/jod.16855.
Burton, R. M., and Obel, B. (2018). The science of organizational design: fit between structure and coordination. Journal of Organization Design, 7(17), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-018-0029-2
Burton, R. M., Obel, B., and Gerardine DeSanctis. (2011). Organizational design: a step-by-step approach (2nd), Cambridge University Press.
Chen, Y. S., Lin, M. J. J., & Chang, C. H. (2009). The positive effects of relationship learning and absorptive capacity on innovation performance and competitive advantage in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(2), 152-158.
Daemi, A. F., and Kamuna, A. A. (2014). The Role of Intangibles in Achieving Performance Excellence, Research in the Faculties of Karbala University, Journal of Administration and Economics, 2(8),180-200.
Daft, R. L. (2015). The Leadership Experience. In Sixth Edition (6E ed., Vol. 6E). Cengage Learning. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Daft, R. L. (2021). Organization theory and design. 13th Edition. In Cengage Learning, Inc Cengage Learning.
Daoudi, Sheikh (2010), Analysis of the theoretical foundations of the concept of performance, Journal of the researcher, University of Qasdi Merbah, Faculty of Economic and Commercial Sciences and Management Sciences, 301-319.
Davis, K., & Newstrom, J. W. (2000). Perilaku Dalam Organisasi, Edisi Ketujuh, Alih Bahasa Agus Darma, Jakarta: Erlangga.
Dessler, G. (2017). Human Resource Management. In S. Wall (Ed.), Fortune (15th edit). Pearson Education.
Ehrhart, M. G., & Kuenzi, M. (2015). Organizational climate in the work setting. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Science, 17, 327-333. doi: 10.1016. B978-0-08-097086-8.22016-3.
Ehrhart, M. G., Schneider, B., and Macey, W. H. (2014). Organizational Climate and Culture: An Introduction to Theory, Research, and Practice. In Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis (1st ed.). Routledge. doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.08.001%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.12.
Elena-Iuliana, I., and Maria, C. (2016). Organizational Performance – a Concept That Self-Seeks To Find Itself. Annals Constantin Brancusi’University of Targu-Jiu. Economy Series, 4.
Eriksson, K., Ernkvist, M., Laurell, C., Moodysson, J., Nykvist, R., & Sandström, C. (2019). A revised perspective on innovation policy for renewal of mature economies–Historical evidence from finance and telecommunications in Sweden 1980–1990. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 147, 152-162.
Faraji, R., Sani, K. D., & Poursoltani, H. (2012). Performance Evaluation Based on EFQM Excellence Model in Sport Organizations. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(6), 451-460.
Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Galbraith, J. R. (2012). The future of organization design. Journal of Organization Design, 1(1), 3-6.
Geiger, S. W., and Makri, M. (2006). Exploration and exploitation innovation processes: The role of organizational slack in R & D intensive firms. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 17(1), 97–108.
Hair Jr, J. F., Black, J. W., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, E. R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. 17th New Jersey: Pearson Education Limited.
Haji gatmiri, F. (2019). Evaluating the performance of the organization based on the EFQM organizational excellence model (Case study: Iran Insurance Company). [Master Thesis, Strategy Management, Alborz Virtual Electronic Higher Education Institute]. (In Persian).
Hassouni, A. A. (2007). The Exercise of Strategic Leadership and its Role in Promoting Organizational Excellence, Journal of Qadisiyah Administrative and Economic Sciences, 9(2), 200-220.
Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling. Computational Statistics, 28(2), 565–580.
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., and Hoskisson, R. E. (2017). Strategic Management Competitiveness & Globalization Concepts and Cases. In Cengage Learning (12th). Cengage Learning. https://doi.org/10.2307/1004421.
Ibrahim, A. U., & Daniel, C. O. (2019). Impact of leadership on organizational performance. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Research, 6(2), 367–374.
Koohang, A., Paliszkiewicz, J., & Goluchowski, J. (2017). The Impact of Leadership on Trust, Knowledge Management, and Organizational Performance: A Research Model. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(3), 521-537.
Kuria, L. K., Namusonge, G. S., & Iravo, M. E. (2016). Effect of leadership on organizational performance in the health sector in Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(7), 658–663.
Liao, S-H., Chen, C., Hu, D-C., Chung, Y-C., Liu, and C-L. (2015). Assessing the influence of leadership style, organizational learning, and organizational innovation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(5), 590-609.
Macmillan, H., and Tampoe, M. (2001). Strategic Management: Process, Content, and Implementation (p. 349). https://b-ok.cc/book/463116/a09ff9.
Mohammadpour, Sh. (2021). Strategic Management Quarterly in Industrial Systems (Snandaj) Identifying, Evaluating and Analyzing Barriers and Challenges of Innovation Development in Iranian Industries.
Mustafa, H. A., Ebabekir, K. M., and Ismael, G. A. (2020). Attitudes of bank managers towards the effect of cultural intelligence on organizational climate and the process of strategy activation: with special reference to commercial banks in Erbil, Kurdistan Region. World Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 15-33.
Nawab, S., Nazir, T., Zahid, M. M., and Fawad, S. M. (2015). Knowledge Management, Innovation, and Organizational Performance, International Journal of Knowledge Engineering, 1(1), 43-48.
Paliszkiewicz, J., Gołuchowski, J., & Koohang, A. (2015). Leadership, trust, and knowledge management in relation to organizational performance: Developing an instrument. Online
Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 3(2), 19–35.
Peterson, S. J., Walumbwa, F. O., Byron, K., & Myrowitz, J. (2009). CEO positive psychological traits, transformational leadership, and firm performance in high-technology start-up and established firms. Journal of Management, 35(2), 348–368.
Rašula J., Vuksic, V. B., and Stemberger, M. I. (2012). The Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Performance. Economic and Business Review, 14(2), 147–168.
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Detmar, W. S. (2012). Editor’s comments: A critical look at the use of PLS-SEM. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 3–14.
Robert, L. N., and John, H. R. (2019). Human Resource Management Functions, Applications, and Skill Development. (T. Buyan (ed.)). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Rothaermel, F. T. (2016). Strategic Management: Concepts (3 e). McGraw-Hill Education. http://library1.nida.ac.th/termpaper6/sd/2554/19755.pdf
Sadeghi, A., and Phihi, L. Z. (2012). Transformational Leadership and its Predictive Effects on Leadership Effectiveness, International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(7), April 2012.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., and Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In B. Chapter, C. Homburg et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Market Research. Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-1.
Sayyadi, M. (2019). How an effective leadership of knowledge management impacts organizational performance. Business Information Review, 36(1), 30–38.
Shams Mourkani, G., Ghahramani, M., Maarefvand, Z., & Zanganeh, F. (2014). Evaluating the Performance of Shahid Beheshti University Based on the EFQM Excellence Model. Journal of Management and Planning In Educational System, 7(1), 39-67.
Torabi, M., & Mahlooji, H. (2017). An integrated simulation-DEA approach to multi-criteria ranking of scenarios for execution of operations in a construction project. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 9(4), 801-827.
Turnbull, S., and Gareth, E. (2005). Leadership Development for Organizational Change in a New U.K. University. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7, p399.
Tyrrell, S. (2009). SPSS: Stats Practically Short and Simple, 1st Edition. booboon.com.
Uzcategui, S. C., Garcia, D. E., Garcia, S. O., Zaldumbide, P. D., and Solano, S. J. (2018). Relationship of Leadership, Strategy, and Business Environment of the Ecuadorian SME Competitiveness. ESPACIOS, 39(32), 1-10.
Venkateswara Rao, T. (2016). Performance Management: Toward Organizational Excellence (2nd edition). SAGE Publications.
Yi, M., Wang, Y., Yan, M., Fu, L., and Zhang, Y. (2020) Government R&D Subsidies, Environmental Regulations, and Their Effect on Green Innovation Efficiency of Manufacturing Industry: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China. 14 January 2020. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Zhang, Y., Khan, U., Lee, S., and Salik, M. (2019). The Influence of Management Innovation and Technological Innovation on Organization Performance. A Mediating Role of Sustainability, Sustainability, 11(495),1-21.
Zizlavsky, O. (2020). The role of human resource management and group factors in the innovation process, Vision 2020: Innovation, Development Sustainability, and Economic Growth, 667-690.
_||_
Abdullah, K. M., Mustafa, H. A., and Othman, Bestoon, Sadq, Z. M. (2020). The impact of information systems on improving academic staff performance of colleges and institutes – a case of Erbil Polytechnic University. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 12(4), 292-304.
Abdullah, Z. A., Mustafa, H. A., Yildiran, C., and Fidan, Y. (2022). The Management of Cultural Diversity and its Impact on Organizational Performance. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, 1(53), 46 – 64.
Abubakr, S., and Bader, A. H. (2013). Perceived work climate and employee performance in public security organizations in the UAE. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 7(3), 410–424.
Ahmad, A. F., and Karadas, G. (2021). Managers’ Perceptions Regarding the Effect of Leadership on Organizational Performance: Mediating Role of Green Supply Chain Management Practices. SAGE Open, April-June 2021: 1–19.
Al Khajeh, E. H. (2018). Impact of leadership styles on organizational performance. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 2018, 1-10.
Allen, D. K. (2003). Organizational climate and strategic change in higher education: Organizational insecurity. Higher Education, 46, 61-92.
Alsayah, A. (2022). Strategic alignment and its impact on creating an organization's reputation and image. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(1), 501-513.
Bierly, P. E., Damanpour, F., and Michael, S. D. (2009). The application of external knowledge: organizational conditions for exploration and exploitation. Journal of Management Studies, 46(3), 481–509.
Bryman, A. (2007). Effective leadership in higher education: A literature review. Journal of Studies in Higher Education, 32(6), 693–710.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press.
Burton, M, R., Salvador, & Fabrizio. (2014). Big Data and Organization Design Special Issue Editors. Journal of Organization Design, 3(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.7146/jod.16855.
Burton, R. M., and Obel, B. (2018). The science of organizational design: fit between structure and coordination. Journal of Organization Design, 7(17), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-018-0029-2
Burton, R. M., Obel, B., and Gerardine DeSanctis. (2011). Organizational design: a step-by-step approach (2nd), Cambridge University Press.
Chen, Y. S., Lin, M. J. J., & Chang, C. H. (2009). The positive effects of relationship learning and absorptive capacity on innovation performance and competitive advantage in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 38(2), 152-158.
Daemi, A. F., and Kamuna, A. A. (2014). The Role of Intangibles in Achieving Performance Excellence, Research in the Faculties of Karbala University, Journal of Administration and Economics, 2(8),180-200.
Daft, R. L. (2015). The Leadership Experience. In Sixth Edition (6E ed., Vol. 6E). Cengage Learning. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Daft, R. L. (2021). Organization theory and design. 13th Edition. In Cengage Learning, Inc Cengage Learning.
Daoudi, Sheikh (2010), Analysis of the theoretical foundations of the concept of performance, Journal of the researcher, University of Qasdi Merbah, Faculty of Economic and Commercial Sciences and Management Sciences, 301-319.
Davis, K., & Newstrom, J. W. (2000). Perilaku Dalam Organisasi, Edisi Ketujuh, Alih Bahasa Agus Darma, Jakarta: Erlangga.
Dessler, G. (2017). Human Resource Management. In S. Wall (Ed.), Fortune (15th edit). Pearson Education.
Ehrhart, M. G., & Kuenzi, M. (2015). Organizational climate in the work setting. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Science, 17, 327-333. doi: 10.1016. B978-0-08-097086-8.22016-3.
Ehrhart, M. G., Schneider, B., and Macey, W. H. (2014). Organizational Climate and Culture: An Introduction to Theory, Research, and Practice. In Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis (1st ed.). Routledge. doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.08.001%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2014.12.
Elena-Iuliana, I., and Maria, C. (2016). Organizational Performance – a Concept That Self-Seeks To Find Itself. Annals Constantin Brancusi’University of Targu-Jiu. Economy Series, 4.
Eriksson, K., Ernkvist, M., Laurell, C., Moodysson, J., Nykvist, R., & Sandström, C. (2019). A revised perspective on innovation policy for renewal of mature economies–Historical evidence from finance and telecommunications in Sweden 1980–1990. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 147, 152-162.
Faraji, R., Sani, K. D., & Poursoltani, H. (2012). Performance Evaluation Based on EFQM Excellence Model in Sport Organizations. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(6), 451-460.
Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Galbraith, J. R. (2012). The future of organization design. Journal of Organization Design, 1(1), 3-6.
Geiger, S. W., and Makri, M. (2006). Exploration and exploitation innovation processes: The role of organizational slack in R & D intensive firms. Journal of High Technology Management Research, 17(1), 97–108.
Hair Jr, J. F., Black, J. W., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, E. R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. 17th New Jersey: Pearson Education Limited.
Haji gatmiri, F. (2019). Evaluating the performance of the organization based on the EFQM organizational excellence model (Case study: Iran Insurance Company). [Master Thesis, Strategy Management, Alborz Virtual Electronic Higher Education Institute]. (In Persian).
Hassouni, A. A. (2007). The Exercise of Strategic Leadership and its Role in Promoting Organizational Excellence, Journal of Qadisiyah Administrative and Economic Sciences, 9(2), 200-220.
Henseler, J., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling. Computational Statistics, 28(2), 565–580.
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., and Hoskisson, R. E. (2017). Strategic Management Competitiveness & Globalization Concepts and Cases. In Cengage Learning (12th). Cengage Learning. https://doi.org/10.2307/1004421.
Ibrahim, A. U., & Daniel, C. O. (2019). Impact of leadership on organizational performance. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Research, 6(2), 367–374.
Koohang, A., Paliszkiewicz, J., & Goluchowski, J. (2017). The Impact of Leadership on Trust, Knowledge Management, and Organizational Performance: A Research Model. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 117(3), 521-537.
Kuria, L. K., Namusonge, G. S., & Iravo, M. E. (2016). Effect of leadership on organizational performance in the health sector in Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(7), 658–663.
Liao, S-H., Chen, C., Hu, D-C., Chung, Y-C., Liu, and C-L. (2015). Assessing the influence of leadership style, organizational learning, and organizational innovation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(5), 590-609.
Macmillan, H., and Tampoe, M. (2001). Strategic Management: Process, Content, and Implementation (p. 349). https://b-ok.cc/book/463116/a09ff9.
Mohammadpour, Sh. (2021). Strategic Management Quarterly in Industrial Systems (Snandaj) Identifying, Evaluating and Analyzing Barriers and Challenges of Innovation Development in Iranian Industries.
Mustafa, H. A., Ebabekir, K. M., and Ismael, G. A. (2020). Attitudes of bank managers towards the effect of cultural intelligence on organizational climate and the process of strategy activation: with special reference to commercial banks in Erbil, Kurdistan Region. World Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 15-33.
Nawab, S., Nazir, T., Zahid, M. M., and Fawad, S. M. (2015). Knowledge Management, Innovation, and Organizational Performance, International Journal of Knowledge Engineering, 1(1), 43-48.
Paliszkiewicz, J., Gołuchowski, J., & Koohang, A. (2015). Leadership, trust, and knowledge management in relation to organizational performance: Developing an instrument. Online
Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 3(2), 19–35.
Peterson, S. J., Walumbwa, F. O., Byron, K., & Myrowitz, J. (2009). CEO positive psychological traits, transformational leadership, and firm performance in high-technology start-up and established firms. Journal of Management, 35(2), 348–368.
Rašula J., Vuksic, V. B., and Stemberger, M. I. (2012). The Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Performance. Economic and Business Review, 14(2), 147–168.
Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Detmar, W. S. (2012). Editor’s comments: A critical look at the use of PLS-SEM. MIS Quarterly, 36(1), 3–14.
Robert, L. N., and John, H. R. (2019). Human Resource Management Functions, Applications, and Skill Development. (T. Buyan (ed.)). SAGE Publications, Inc.
Rothaermel, F. T. (2016). Strategic Management: Concepts (3 e). McGraw-Hill Education. http://library1.nida.ac.th/termpaper6/sd/2554/19755.pdf
Sadeghi, A., and Phihi, L. Z. (2012). Transformational Leadership and its Predictive Effects on Leadership Effectiveness, International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(7), April 2012.
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., and Hair, J. F. (2017). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In B. Chapter, C. Homburg et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Market Research. Springer International Publishing AG. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05542-8_15-1.
Sayyadi, M. (2019). How an effective leadership of knowledge management impacts organizational performance. Business Information Review, 36(1), 30–38.
Shams Mourkani, G., Ghahramani, M., Maarefvand, Z., & Zanganeh, F. (2014). Evaluating the Performance of Shahid Beheshti University Based on the EFQM Excellence Model. Journal of Management and Planning In Educational System, 7(1), 39-67.
Torabi, M., & Mahlooji, H. (2017). An integrated simulation-DEA approach to multi-criteria ranking of scenarios for execution of operations in a construction project. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 9(4), 801-827.
Turnbull, S., and Gareth, E. (2005). Leadership Development for Organizational Change in a New U.K. University. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7, p399.
Tyrrell, S. (2009). SPSS: Stats Practically Short and Simple, 1st Edition. booboon.com.
Uzcategui, S. C., Garcia, D. E., Garcia, S. O., Zaldumbide, P. D., and Solano, S. J. (2018). Relationship of Leadership, Strategy, and Business Environment of the Ecuadorian SME Competitiveness. ESPACIOS, 39(32), 1-10.
Venkateswara Rao, T. (2016). Performance Management: Toward Organizational Excellence (2nd edition). SAGE Publications.
Yi, M., Wang, Y., Yan, M., Fu, L., and Zhang, Y. (2020) Government R&D Subsidies, Environmental Regulations, and Their Effect on Green Innovation Efficiency of Manufacturing Industry: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China. 14 January 2020. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.
Zhang, Y., Khan, U., Lee, S., and Salik, M. (2019). The Influence of Management Innovation and Technological Innovation on Organization Performance. A Mediating Role of Sustainability, Sustainability, 11(495),1-21.
Zizlavsky, O. (2020). The role of human resource management and group factors in the innovation process, Vision 2020: Innovation, Development Sustainability, and Economic Growth, 667-690.
