Evaluation Effect of Farmyard Manure (FYM) to Improve Cereal Crop Yield
الموضوعات :
Mohammad Khayat
1
(Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: Nutrition, Biofertilizer, Soil fertility, organic matter, crop production,
ملخص المقالة :
Manure plays an important role in improving physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. Manures contain a low concentration of plant nutrients and they have a slow acting nature, organic manure alone may fail to tend the high nutritional requirements of crops. Organic manures including sheep manure, cattle manure and hen manure may be used for crop production as substitute of chemical fertilizers because the importance of organic manures cannot be overlooked. Organic farming has emerged as an important priority area globally in view of the growing demand for safe and healthy food and long term sustainability and concerns on environmental pollution associated with indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. Though the use of chemical inputs in agriculture is inevitable to meet the growing demand for food in world, there are opportunities in selected crops and niche areas where organic production can be encouraged to tape the domestic export market. Farmyard manure (FYM) is an important organic resource for agricultural production in livestock-based farming systems in the semi-arid regions. FYM refers to the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm animals along with their litter and fodder fed to the cattle. FYM is one of the components of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) as it a cheap and easily available source of organic nutrients. Integrating Farmyard Manure with inorganic fertilizer, scientists are getting a very good response to the crop. The application of this source of organic improves the physical, chemical and biological condition of the soils. FYM can supply all the nutrients required by the plant and it is prepared by using cow dung, cow urine, waste straw, and other dairy wastes.
Abakemal, D., H. Shimeli. and J. Derera. 2016. Genotype by environment interaction and yield stability of quality protein maize hybrids developed from tropical-highland adapted inbred lines. Euphytica. 209(3): 757-769. (Abstract in English)
Abbas, G., J. Z. K. Khattak, A. Mir, M. Ishaque, M. Hussain, H. M. Wahedi, M. S. Ahmed. and A. Ullah. 2012. Effect of organic manures with recommended of NPK on the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Animal Plant Sci. 22(3): 683-687.
Abbasi, T., S. Gajalakshmi. and S. A. Abbasi. 2009. Towards modeling and design of vermin composting systems: Mechanisms of composting vermin composting and their implications. Intl. J. Bio-Tech. 8: 177-182.
Alizadeh Dehkordi, P. 2010. Effect of livestock and urea fertilizers on net soil mineralization, growth and yield of maize under cut irrigation at flowering. M.Sc. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Shahrekord University. 101 pages. (Abstract in English)
Anatoliy, G. K. and Thelen, K. D. 2007. Effect of winter wheat crop residue on no till corn growth and development. Agron. J. 99: 549-555.
Ansari, A. A. and K. Sukhraj. 2010. Effect of vermiwash and vermicompost on soil parameters and productivity of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in Guyana. P. J. Agri Reso. 23: 137-142.
Behera, U. K., J. R. Meena. and A. R. Sharma. 2009. Tillage and residue management effect on performance of green gram and carbon sequestration in a maize-based cropping system. Proc. 4th World Cong. Conservation Agriculture. 4-7 Feb. New Delhi. India. pp. 453-454.
Birendra, N. G., O. P. S. Khola, R. Bhattacharyya, K. S. Dadhwal. and P. K. Mishra. 2016. Effect of potassium on soil conservation and productivity of maize/cowpea based crop rotations in the north-west Indian Himalayas. J. Mountain Sci. 13(4): 754-762. (Abstract in English)
Birkhofer, K., Bezemer, T.M., Bloem, J., Bonkowski, M., Christensen, S., Dubois, D., Ekelund, F., Fließach, A., Gunst, L., Hedlund, K., Ma¨der, P., Mikola, J., Robin, C., Seta¨la, H., Tatin-Froux, F., Van Der Putten, W.H., Scheu, S. 2008. Long-term organic farming fosters below and aboveground biota: implications for soil quality, biological control and productivity. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40: 2297–2308.
Cheraghi, Y., F. A. Mohyedi. and M. Kalhor. 2016. Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield components of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Inst Integrative Omics App. Bio-Tech. J. 7(8): 82-86.
Davari, M. R., S. N. Sharma. and M. Mirzakhani. 2012. The effect of combinations of organic materials and biofertilizers on productivity, grain quality, nutrient uptake and economics in organic farming of wheat. J. Organic Sys. 7(2): 26-35.
Emmaline, A. L. and M. K. Quirine. 2016. Factors of yield resilience under changing weather evidenced by a 14-year record of corn-hay yield in a 1000-cow dairy farm. J. Agron. Sustain. Develop. 36: 16-26.
Fallah, S., A. Ghalavand. and M. R. Khajehpour. 2007. Effects of Animal Manure Incorporation Methods and its Integration with Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Khorramabad, Lorestan. J. Water Soil Sci. 11(40): 233-243. (Abstract in English)
Gangwar, K. S., Singh, K. K., Sharma, S. K., Tomar, O. K. 2006. Alternative tillage and crop residue management in wheat after rice in sandy loam soils of Indo- Gengetic plains. Soil Till. Res. 88, 242-252.
Ghanbari, A., Y. Ismaili. and M. Babaeans. 2013. Effect of animal and chemical fertilizers on forage yield, grain and some nutrient concentrations in elemental barley grain (Hordeum vulgare L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Eco-physiology. 8(3): 23-36. (Abstract in English)
Gopal, M., A. Gupta, C. Palaniswami, R. Dhanapal. and G. V. Thomas. 2010. Coconut leaf vermiwash: a bio-liquid from coconut leaf vermicompost for improving the crop production capacities. Current Sci. J. 98: 1202-1210.
Hao, X., Liu, S., Wu, J., Hu, R., Tong, C, Su, Y. 2008. Effect of long-term application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments on soil organic matter and microbial biomass in three subtropical paddy soils. Nutr. Cycl. Agro-Ecosys. 81: 17–24.
Helfenstein, J., I. Müller, R. Grüter, G. Bhullar, L. Mandloi, A. Papritz, M. Siegrist, R. Schulin. and E. Frossard. 2016. Organic wheat farming improves grain zinc concentration. J. Plos One. 11(8): 1-20.
Hepperly, Y. P., D. Lotter, C. Ulsh. Z., R. Siedel. and C. Reider. 2009. Compost, manure and synthetic fertilizer influences crop yields, soil properties, nitrate leaching and crop nutrient content. Compost Sci. Util. 17: 117-126.
Hernandez, O. L., A. Calderín, R. Huelva, D. Martínez-Balmori. and F. Guridi. 2015. Humic substances from vermicompost enhance urban lettuce production. Agron. Sust. Develop. Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA. 35(1): 225-232.
Hossian, S. M. A., A. M. A. Kamal, M. R. Islam. and M. A. Mannan. 2002. Effect of different levels of chemical and organic fertilizers on growth, yield and protein content of wheat. J. Biol. Sci. 2(5): 304-306.
Huang, S., Weijian, Z.W., Yu, X., Huang, Q. 2010. Effects of long-term fertilization on corn productivity and its sustainability in an Ultisol of southern China. Agri. Ecosyst. Environ. 138, 44–50.
Jadia, D. C. and M. H. Fulekar. 2008. Vermicomposting of vegetable waste: A biophysico-chemical process based on hydro-operating bioreactor. Afri. J. Bio-Tech. 7: 3723-3730.
Joshi, R., S. Jaswinder. and A. Pal Vig. 2014. Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and bio control agent: effect on growth, yield and quality of plants. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. pp. 1-23.
Karami, A., Homaeea, M., Afzalinia, S., Ruhipour, H., Basirat, S. 2012. Organic resource management: Impacts on soil aggregate stability and other soil physico-chemical properties. Agri. Ecosyst. Environ. 148: 22–28.
Manyuchi. M. M., T. Chitambwe, A. Phiri P. Muredzi. and Q. Kanhukamwe. 2013a. Effect of Vermicompost, Vermiwash and Application Time on Soil Physicochemical Properties. Intl. J. Environ. Eng. 4: 216-220.
Manyuchi, M. M., L. Kadzungura, A. Phiri. and P. Muredzi. 2013b. Effect of Vermicompost, vermiwash and application time on Zea mays growth. Intl. J. Sci. Eng. Tech. 2: 638-641.
Manyuchi, M. M., T. Chitambwe, P. Muredzi. and Q. Kanhukamwe. 2013c. Continuous flow through vermin reactor for medium scale vermin composting. Asian J. Eng. Tech. 1: 5-9.
Manyuchi, M. M., A. Phiri, P. Muredzi. and T. Chitambwe. 2013d. Comparison of vermicompost and vermiwash Bio fertilizers from vermin composting waste corn pulp. World Academy Sci. Eng. Tech. J. 7: 360-371.
Nath. G. and K. Singh. 2012. Effect of vermiwash of different vermin composts on the kharif crops. J. Central Europ. Agri. 13: 379-402.
Palanichamy, V., B. Mitra, N. Reddy, M. Katiyar, R. B. Rajkumari, C. Ramalingam. and A. Aranganthan. 2011. Utilizing Food Waste by Vermicomposting, Extracting Vermiwash, Castings and Increasing Relative Growth of Plants. Intl. J. Chem. Analytical Sci. 2(11): 1241-1246.
Pouryousef Miandoab, M. and N. Shahravan. 2014. Effect of foliar application of Amino Acids at different times on yield and yield components of maize. J. Crop Physiol. 6(23): 21-32. (Abstract in English)
Saha, S., Mina, B. L., Gopinath, K. A., Kundu, S. and H. S. Gupta. 2008. Organic amendments affect biochemical properties of a subtemperate soil of the Indian Himalayas. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 80: 233-242.
Sahoo, R. K., D. Bhardwaj. and N. Tuteja. 2013. Bio-fertilizers: A Sustainable eco-friendly agricultural approach to crop improvement. In: Plant Acclimation to Environmental Stress. pp: 403-432.
Schoebitz, M., Vidal G. 2016. Microbial consortium and pig slurry to improve chemical properties of degraded soil and nutrient plant uptake. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 16 (1), 226-236.
Venkatash-Warlu, B. 2008. Role of bio-fertilizers in organic farming: Organic farming in rain fed agriculture: Central institute for dry land agriculture. Hyderabad. Pak. pp: 85-95.
Yaduvanshi, N. P. S. 2003. Substitution of inorganic fertilizers by organic manures and the effect on soil fertility in a rice-wheat rotation on reclaimed sodic soil in India. J. Agri. Sci. 140, 161-168.
Yousefpoor, Z. and A. Yadvy. 2014. The effects of nitrogen and phosphorous biological and chemical fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative yield of sunflower. J. Agri. Sust. Prod. 24(1): 120-130. (Abstract in English)
