Regular aerobic training improves insulin resistance but not pancreatic β-cells function in female patients with type 2 diabetes
الموضوعات : Journal of Physical Activity and HormonesMohsen Omidi 1 , Mehrzad Moghadasi 2
1 - MS in exercise physiology, Marvdasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
2 - Associate professor in exercise physiology, Department of exercise physiology, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
الکلمات المفتاحية: Insulin resistance, Aerobic training, Type 2 diabetes, Pancreatic β-cells function,
ملخص المقالة :
Aim: Pancreatic β-cells function and insulin sensitivity resistance were impaired in type 2 diabetes. Exercise training may improves these impairs, however, this is not well known. The aim of present study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on pancreatic β-cells function and insulin resistance in female patients with type 2 diabetes. Material & Methods: Twenty middle-aged women (age, 40 -50 years) with type 2 diabetes participated as the subject. The subjects were randomly assign to control group (n=10) or the training group (n=10). The subjects in the training group performed 30 to 45 min aerobic training on the treadmill with 60-75% of their maximum heart rate, 3 days a week for 8 weeks. The subjects in the control group were instructed to maintain their normal physical activity throughout the study. Results: The results indicated that fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index decrease in the training group compare to the control group (P<0.05); however, pancreatic β-cells function has no significant change after the intervention. Conclusion: In summary, it seems that aerobic training utilized in this study improves glucose entry into cells but it had not effective on pancreatic β-cells function.
1. World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes., Geneva, 2016.
2. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2). Geneva: World Health Organization; 1999.
3. Kahn SE (2003) The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 46: 3–19.
4. Wright A, Burden AC, Paisey RB, Cull CA, Holman RR (2002) U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Sulfonylurea inadequacy: efficacy of addition of insulin over 6 years in patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 57). Diabetes Care 25: 330–6.
5. Guardado-Mendoza R, Jimenez-Ceja L, Majluf-Cruz A, Kamath S, Fiorentino TV, et al. (2013) Impact of obesity severity and duration on pancreatic β- and α-cell dynamics in normoglycemic non-human primates. Int J Obes (Lond) 37: 1071–8.
6. Lee SC, Pervaiz S (2007) Apoptosis in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39: 497–504.
7. Russo GT, Giorda CB, Cercone S, Nicolucci A, Cucinotta D; BetaDecline Study Group. Factors associated with beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: the BETADECLINE study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109702.
8. Farbod M, Sarpooshi A, Silakhory F. Short term aerobic training improves fasting glucose and beta cell function in obese/overweight women. Biol Forum 2014; 6: 264-267.
9. Mahmudzadeh T, Saghebjoo M, Seghatol Eslami A, Hedayati M. Effect of aerobic training and Pistacia atlantica extract consumption on pancreatic β-cells function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Iranian J Diabet Metab 2014; 13: 252-262.
10. ACSM. ACSM guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins 2005; 21-30.
11. Robert A, Scott O. Fundamental principles of exercise physiology for fitness, performance, and health. McGraw Hill, USA; 2000.
12. Wallace TM, Levy JC, Matthews DR. Use and abuse of HOMA modeling. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 1487-1495.
13. Kahn SE, Carr DB, Faulenbach MV, Utzschneider KM. An examination of beta-cell function measures and their potential use for estimating beta-cell mass. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 4: 63-76.
14. Nematollahzadeh M, Shirazi-nezhad R. High intensity endurance training improves metabolic syndrome in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Physic Act Horm 2017; 3: 51-64.
15. Eskandary S, Rahimi E. Effects of eight weeks aerobic training, resistance training and concurrent training on the metabolic syndrome and HbA1c in men with type 2 diabetes. J Physic Act Horm 2017; 2: 51-64.
16. Way KL, Hackett DA, Baker MK, Johnson NA. The Effect of Regular Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40: 253-271.
17. Bogardus C, Thuillez P, Ravussin E, Vasquez B, Narimiga M, Azhar S. Effect of muscle glycogen depletion on in vivo insulin action in man. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 1605-1610.
18. Christ-Roberts CY, Pratipanawatr T, Pratipanawatr W, Berria R, Belfort R, Kashyap S, et al. Exercise training increases glycogen synthase activity and GLUT4 expression but not insulin signaling in overweight nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism 2004; 53: 1233-1242.
19. Holten MK, Zacho M, Gaster M, Juel C, Wojtaszewski JF, Dela F. Strength training increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content, and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2004; 53: 294-305.
20. Borghouts LB, Keizer HA. Exercise and insulin sensitivity: a review. Int J Sports Med 2000; 21: 1-12.
21. Richter EA, Hargreaves M. Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Physiol Rev 2013; 93: 993-1017.
22. Holloszy JO, Coyle EF. Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 1984; 56: 831-838.
23. Bruce CR, Kriketos AD, Cooney GJ, Hawley JA. Disassociation of muscle triglyceride content and insulin sensitivity after exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004; 47: 23-30.
24. Kraniou GN, Cameron-Smith D, Hargreaves M. Acute exercise and GLUT4 expression in human skeletal muscle: influence of exercise intensity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 101: 934-937.
25. Colberg SR, Albright AL, Blissmer BJ, Braun B, Chasan-Taber L, Fernhall B, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 2282-2303.
26. Praet SF, van Loon LJ. Optimizing the therapeutic benefits of exercise in type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 103: 1113-1120.
27. O'Gorman DJ, Karlsson HK, McQuaid S, Yousif O, Rahman Y, Gasparro D, et al. Exercise training increases insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and GLUT4 (SLC2A4) protein content in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 2983-2992.
28. Ha CH, Swearingin B, Jeon YK. Relationship of visfatin level to pancreatic endocrine hormone level, HOMA-IR index, and HOMA β-cell index in overweight women who performed hydraulic resistance exercise. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27: 2965-2969.
29. Kahn SE. The relative contributions telling us about diabetes. J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 108: 12-18.
30. Haffner SM, Kennedy E, Gonzalez C, Stern MP, Miettinen H. A prospective analysis of the HOMA model. The Mexico City Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 1996; 19: 1138-1141.
31. Madsen SM, Thorup AC, Overgaard K, Jeppesen PB. High Intensity Interval Training Improves Glycaemic Control and Pancreatic β Cell Function of Type 2 Diabetes Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10: 1-24.
