Comparison the effects of aqua aerobic and resistance training on blood sugar and insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
الموضوعات : Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
Nasibeh Kazemi
1
(Department of Exercise physiology, Marvdasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
Seyed Ali Hosseini
2
(Department of Exercise physiology, Marvdasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran)
الکلمات المفتاحية: pregnancy, Insulin resistance, Insulin sensitivity, Gestational diabetes,
ملخص المقالة :
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to comparison the effects of aqua and resistance training on insulin resistance and homeostasis model assessment of β-Cell function in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Material & Methods: For this purpose, 34 women with gestational diabetes voluntarily participated which were selected from the available sampling pool. The subjects were simple random assigned in three groups. 12 subjects participated in an aqua aerobic training group (3 days/week, 30-45 min/day, 50-70% maximum heart rate) and 11 subjects participated in an aqua resistance training group (3 days/week, 2-3 set of 15 repetition, 50-70%maximum heart rate), and 11 subjects were in control group who did not participate in any exercise program during the study period. Results: The results indicated that HOMA-β increased and fasting glucose decreased in the aqua resistance training (P<0.05), however no significant differences were observed between three groups. For fasting insulin and insulin resistance no significant differences observed after the intervention. Conclusions: It seems likely that aqua resistance training is more effective in comparison to aqua aerobic training in improving diabetes risk factors in women with gestational diabetes.
1. Golbidi S and Ismail L. Potential mechanisms of exercise in gestational diabet. J Nutr Metab 2013; 2013: 285948-285964.
2. M CA-NMaHFS. Pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus: The Past,the Present and the Future. Available online at: www.intechopen.com.
3. Rieck S and Kaestner KH. Expansion of beta-cell mass in response to pregnancy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21: 151-158.
4. American diabetes association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: S11-S61.
5. Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Moss JR, McPhee AJ, Jeffries WS, Robinson JS; Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2477-2486.
6. Jastrow N RS, Gauthie R J, Laroche L, Duperron L, Brassard N, Bujold E. Effect of birth weight and adverse obstetric outcomes in vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 115: 338-343.
7. Landon MB, Spong CY, Thom E, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Casey B, et al. multicenter, randomized trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1339-1348.
8. Group HSCR. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 1991-2002.
9. Guerrero-Romero F, Aradillas-García C, Simental-Mendia LE, Monreal-Escalante E, de la Cruz Mendoza E, Rodríguez-Moran M. Birth weight, family history of diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. J Pediatr 2010; 156: 719-723.
10. Harder T, Roepke K, Diller N, Stechling Y, Dudenhausen JW, Plagemann A. Birth weight, early weight gain, and subsequent risk of type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169: 1428-1436.
11. Bellamy L, Casas JP, Hingorani AD, Williams D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2009; 373: 1773-1779.
12. Chodick G, Elchalal U, Sella T, Heymann AD, Porath A, Kokia E, et al. The risk of overt diabetes mellitus among women with gestational diabetes: a population- based study. Diabet Med 2010; 27: 779-785.
13. Dempsey JC, Butler CL, Williams MA. No need fora pregnant pause: physical activity may reduce the occurrenceof gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2005; 33: 141-149.
14. Tobias DK, Zhang C, van Dam RM, Bowers K, Hu FB. Physical activity before and during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 223-229.
15. Oteng-Ntim E, Varma R, Croker H, Poston L, Doyle P. Lifestyle interventions for overweight and obese pregnantwomen to improve pregnancy outcome: systematic review andmeta-analysis. BMC Med 2012; 10: 47-62.
16. Zhang C, Solomon CG, Manson JE, Hu FB. Aprospective study of pregravid physical activity and sedentarybehaviors in relation to the risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 543-548.
17. Buchanan TA, Metzger BE, Freinkel N, Bergman RN. Insulin sensitivity and B-cell responsiveness toglucose during late pregnancy in lean and moderately obese women with normal glucose tolerance or mild gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 1008-1014.
18. Porte D Jr. Beta cells in type II diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1991;40:166-80.
19. Ruchat MF. Gestational diabetes. Exercise guidelines for women with gestational diabetes. Available online at: www.intechopen.com.
20. Yamamoto S, Matsushita Y, Nakagawa T, Hayashi T, Noda M, Mizoue T. Circulating adiponectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in japanese. Nutr diabetes 2014; 130: 1-5.
21. Colberg SR, Castorino K, Jovanovič L. Prescribing physical activity to prevent and manage gestational diabetes. World J Diabetes 2013; 4: 256-262.
22. Šklempekokic I. Exercise and gestational diabetes mellitus. Periodicum Biologorum 2014; 1: 83-87.
23. Oostdam N, van Poppel MN, Eekhoff EM, Wouters MG, van Mechelen W. Design of FitFor2 study: the effects of an exercise program oninsulin sensitivity and plasma glucose levels in pregnant women athigh risk for gestational diabetes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2009; 9: 1.
24. De Barros MC, Lopes MA, Francisco RP, Sapienza AD, Zugaib M. Resistance exercise and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetesmellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 203: 1-6.
25. Rieck S and Kaestner KH. Expansion of beta-cell mass in response to pregnancy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21: 151-158.
26. Brankston GN, Mitchell BF, Ryan EA, Okun NB. Resistance exercisedecreases the need for insulin in overweight women with gestational diabetesmellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190: 188-93.
27. Helmrich SP, Ragland DR, Paffenbarger RS Jr. Prevention of noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus with physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994; 26: 824-830.
28. Manson JE, Nathan DM, Krolewski AS, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hennekens CH.. A prospective study of exercise and incidence of diabetes among US male physicians. JAMA 1992; 268: 63-67.
29. Barbour LA, McCurdy CE, Hernandez TL, Kirwan JP, Catalano PM, Friedman JE. Cellular mechanisms for insulin resistance in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 112-118.
30. Stafne SN, Salvesen KÅ, Romundstad PR, Eggebø TM, Carlsen SM, Mørkved S Regular exercise during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2012; 119: 29-36.
31. Callaway LK, Colditz PB, Byrne NM, Lingwood BE, Rowlands IJ, Foxcroft K, Bambino Group. Prevention of gestational diabetes: feasibility issues for an exercise intervention in obese pregnant women. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1457-1459.
32. Hopkins SA, Baldi JC, Cutfield WS, McCowan L, Hofman PL. Exercise training in pregnancy reduces offspring size without changes in maternal insulin sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95: 2080-2088.
33. Oostdam N, van Poppel MN, Wouters MG, Eekhoff EM, Bekedam DJ, Kuchenbecker WK, et al. No effect of the FitFor2 exercise programme on blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and birthweight in pregnant women who were overweight and at risk for gestational diabetes: results of a randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2012; 119:1098-1107.
34. Jovanovic-Peterson L, Durak EP, Peterson CM. Randomized trial of diet versus diet plus cardiovascular conditioning on glucose levels in gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 415-419.
