اثر بیولوژیکی indica Piriformospora، vermifera Sebacina و Trichoderma spp. علیه بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی عدسدر شرایط گلخانه‌ای
الموضوعات :
حسین کاری دولت آبادی
1
()
ابراهیم محمدی گل تپه
2
()
الکلمات المفتاحية: پژمردگی فوزاریومی, Fusarium wilt, عدس, Lentil, Biological activity, اثر بیولوژیک, Trichoderma spp, Sebacina vermifera, Piriformospora indica,
ملخص المقالة :
بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی عدس که توسط Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis (Vasd. & Srin.) Gordonایجاد می گرددیکی از عوامل مهم کاهش محصول این گیاه در دنیا به شمار می رود. تأثیر چهار قارچ خاکزی Piriformospora indica، Sebacina vermifera ، Trichoderma harzianum و Trichoderma viride روی پژمردگی فوزاریومی عدس در طرح کاملا تصادفی در شرایط گلخانه ای مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بیمارگر در 3 زمان مختلف نسبت به کاشت بذر عدس رقم محلی اردبیل (10 روز قبل، همزمان و 10 روز بعداز کاشت) به خاک گلدان ها اضافه گردید. 17 تیمار که شامل دو شاهد (گیاه بدون بیمارگر و گیاه با بیمارگر) و 15 ترکیب مختلف قارچ های آنتاگونیست فوق بود، همزمان با کاشت بذر به خاک گلدان ها اضافه گردید. ارزیابی شاخص های مختلف رشدی (ارتفاع گیاه، طول ریشه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه) و شدت بیماری در مرحله گلدهی انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که موثرترین ترکیب آنتاگونیست ها در اکثر فاکتورهای رشدی و در کاهش شدت بیماری با در نظر گرفتن سه زمان مختلف مایه زنی، تیمار (S. vermifera + T. harzianum) است.
Baltruschant, H., Fodor, J., Harrach, B.D., Niemczyk, E., Barna, B., Gullner, G., Janeczko, A., Kogel, K., Schafer, P. & Schwarczinger, I. 2008. Salt tolerance of barley induced by the root endophyte Piriformospora indica is associated with a strong increase in antioxidants. New Phytologist, 180: 501–510.
Barazani, O., Benderoth, M., Groten, K., Kuhlemeier, C. & Baldwin, I.T. 2005. Piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera increase growth performance at the expense ofherbivore resistance in Nicotiana attenuata. Oecologia,146:234–243.
Bayaa, B., Erskine, W. & Hamdi, A. 1995. Evaluation of a wild lentil collection for resistance to vascular wilt. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 42: 231-235.
Bayaa, B., Erskine, W. & Khoury, L. 1986. Survey of wilt damage on lentils in northwest Syria. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 4: 118- 119.
Beniwal, S.P.S., Bayaa, B., Weigand, S., Makkouk, K. & Saxena, M.C. 1993. Field Guide to Lentil Diseases and insect Pests. International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Aleppo. Syria.
Bhalla, M.K., Nozzolillo, C. & Schneider, E. 1992. Observation on the responses of lentil root cells to hypha of Fusarium oxysporum. Journal of Phytopathology, 135: 335-341.
Chet, J. & Baker, R. 1980. Indication of suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia solani in soil. Phytopathology, 70: 994-998.
Deshmukh, S. & Kogel, K. 2007. Piriformospora indica protects barley from root rot disease caused by Fusarium. Journal of Plant Disease Protection, 114: 263–268.
Dubey, S. C., Suresh, M. & Singh, B. 2006. Evaluation of Trichoderma species against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, for integrated management of chickpea wilt. Biological Control, 40: 118-127.
El-Hassan, S. & Gowen, S. 2006. Formulation and delivery of the bacterial antagonist Bacillus subtilis for management of lentil vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. Journal of Phytopathology, 154: 148-155.
El-Hassan, S., Gowen, S. & Bayaa, B. 2003. In-vitro studies on the potential for biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lentis by Trichoderma hamatum. Eighth Arab Congress of Plant Protection, 12-16 October 2003, El-Beida, Libya
Elad, Y. 2000. Biological control of foliar pathogens by means of Trichoderma harzianum and potential modes of action. Crop Protection, 19: 709-714.
Elad, Y., Chet, J. & Katan, J. 1980. Trichoderma harzianum a biocontrol effective against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology, 70: 119-121.
Erskine, W. & Bayaa, B. 1996. Yield loss, incidence and inoculum density associated with vascular wilt of lentil. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 36: 24-32.
Fakhro, A., Andrade-Linares, D. R., Bargen, S., Bandte, M., Buttner, C., Grosch, R., Schwarz, D. & Franlen, P. 2010. Impact of Piriformospora indica on tomato growth and on interaction with fungal and viral pathogens. Mycorrhiza, 20: 191–200.
Freeman, S., Minz, D., Kolesnik, I., Barbul, O., Zreibil, A., Maymon, M., Nitzani, Y., Kirshner, B., Rav-david, D., Bilu, A., Dag, A., Shafir, S. & Elad, Y. 2004. Trichoderma biocontrol of Colletotrichum acutatum and Botrytis cinerea, and survival in strawberry. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110: 361-370.
Ghahfarokhi, R.M. & Goltapeh, M.E. 2010. Potential of the root endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica; Sebacina vermifera and Trichoderma species in biocontrol oftake-all disease of wheat Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici in vitro. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 6 (1): 11-18.
Ghimire, S.R., Charlton, N.D. & Craven, K.D. 2009. The Mycorrhizal Fungus, Sebacina vermifera, Enhances Seed Germination and Biomass Production in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L). Bioenergy Research, 2:51–58.
Hajieghrari, B., Torabi-giglou, M., Mohammadi, M.R. & Davari, M. 2008. Biological potential of some Iranian Trichoderma isolate in the control of soil borne plant pathogenic fungi. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (8): 967-972.
Hamdi, A. & Hassanein, A. M. 1996. Survey of fungal diseases of Lentil in North Egypt. Lens Newsletter, 1&2, : 52-53.
Howell, C.R. 2003. Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: the history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Disease, 87: 4–10.
Kafer, E. 1977. Meiotic and mitotic recombination in Aspergillus and its chromosomal aberrations. Advances in Genetic, 19: 33-131.
Kucuk, C. & Kivanc, M. 2003. Isolation of Trichoderma spp. and their antifungal, biochemical and physiological features. Turkish Journal of Biology, l27: 247-253.
Kumari, R., Yadav, H.K., Bhoon, Y.K. & Varma, A. 2003. Colonization of cruciferous plants by Piriformospora indica. Current Science. 85: 1672-1674.
Lifshitz, R., Witingham, M. T. & Baker, R. 1986. Mechanisms of biological control of pre-emergence damping-off of pea by seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology, 76: 720-725.
Mehta, R. D., Patel, K. A., Roy, K. K. & Mehta, M. H. 1995. Biological control of soilborne plant pathogens with Trichoderma harzianum. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 25:126.
Mohamed, H. & Haggag, W. 2006. Boicontrol potential of salinity tolerant mutants of Trichoderma harzianum against Fusarium oxysporum. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 37: 181-191.
Mohammadi, N. 2010. Studies on pathogenecity and genetic diversity of the some Iranian isolates Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lentis and determination of resistant lentil cultivars. M. SC. Thesis, University of Tarbiat Modares, Iran. 134P.
Nelson, P.E., Toussoun, T.A. & Marasas, W.F.O. 1983. Fusarium species: An illustrated manual for identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park. 193 pp.
Oelmuller, R., Sherameti, I., Tripathi, S. & Varma, A. 2009. Piriformospora indica, a cultivable root endophyte with multiple biotechnological applications. Symbiosis, 49: 1–17.
Omar, S.A.M., Salem, D.E. & Rizk, M.A. 1988. Sources of resistance to root-rot wilt disease complex of lentil. Lens Newsletter, 15:37.
Peskan-Berghofer, T., Shahollari, B., Giang, PH., Hehl, S., Markert, C., Blanke, V., Kost, G., Varma, A. & Oelmuller, R. 2004. Association of Piriformospora indica with Arabidopsis thaliana roots represents a novel system to study beneficial plant–microbe interactions and involves early plant protein modifications in the endoplasmatic reticulum and at the plasma membrane. Plant Physiology, 122: 465–77.
Pham, G.H., Singh, A., Kumari, R., Malla, R., Prasad, R., Sachdev, M., Rexer, K.-H., Kost, G., Luis, P., Kaldorf, M., Buscot, F., Herrrmann, S., Peskan, T., Oelmüller, R., Saxena, A.K., Declerck, S., Mittag, M., Stabentheinerv, E., Hehl, S. & Varma, A. 2004. Interactive of Piriformospora indica with diverse microorganisms in plants. In: Varma A., Abbott L., Werner D and Hampp R. (eds). Plant Surface Microbiology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 237–265.
Poddar, R.K., Singh, D.V. & Dubey, S.C. 2004. Integrated application of Trichoderma harzianum mutants and carbendazim to manage chickpea wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris). Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 74: 346-348.
Rai, M., Acharya, D., Singh, A. & Varma, A. 2001. Positive growth responses of the medicinal plants Spilanthes calva and Withania somnifera to inoculation by Piriformospora indica in a field trial. Mycorrhiza, 11: 123-128.
Sahay, N.S. & Varma, A. 1999. Piriformospora indica: a new biological hardening tool for micropropagated plants. FEMS Microbiological Letters, 181: 297–302.
Samuels, G.J. 1996. Trichoderma: a review of biology and systematics of the genus. Mycological Research, 100: 923-935.
Sarhan, M.M., Ezzat, S.M. & Al-Tohamy, M.R. 1999. Application of Trichoderma hamatum as a biocontroller against tomato wilts disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Egyptian Journal of Microbiology, 34: 347-376.
Serfling, A., Wirsel, S.G.R., Lind, V. & Deising, H. 2007. Performance of the biocontrol fungus Piriformospora indica on wheat under greenhouse and field condition. Phytopathology, 97: 523-531.
Shahollari, B., Vadassery, J., Varma, A. & Oelmuller, R. 2007. A leucine-rich repeat protein is required for growth promotion and enhanced seed production mediated by the endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Journal, 50: 1–13.
Sherameti, I., Shahollari, B., Venus, Y., Altschmied, L., Varma, A. & Oelmüller, R. 2005. The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica stimulates the expression of nitrate reductase and the starch-degrading enzyme glucan-water dikinase in tobacco and Arabidopsis roots through a homeodomain transcription factor which binds to a conserved motif in their promoters. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280: 2641-2647.
Sivasithamparam, K. & Ghisalberti, E.L. 1998. Secondary metabolism in Trichoderma and Gliocladium. In: Harman, G.E., Kubicek, C.P. (Eds.), Trichoderma and Gliocladium, Vol. 1. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London, pp. 139–191.
Stein, E., Molitor, A., Kogel, K.H. & Waller, F. 2008. Systemic resistance in Arabidopsis conferred by the mycorrhizal fungus Piriformospora indica requires jasmonic acid signaling and the cytoplasmic function of NPR1. Plant Cell Physiology, 49: 1747– 1751.
Stoilova, S. & Chavdarov, P. 2006. Evaluation of lentil germplasm for disease resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis). Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7: 121-126.
Taylor, P., Lindbeck, K., Chen, W. & Ford, R. 2007. Lentil diseases. S.S. Yadav et al. (eds.), Lentil: An Ancient Crop fir Modern Tunes, pp. 291-313.
Tosi, L. & Cappelli, C. 2001. First report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis of lentil in Italy. Plant Disease, 85: 562.
Vadassery, J., Ritter, C., Venus, Y., Camehl, I., Varma, A., Shahollari, B., Novák, O., Strnad, M., Ludwig-Müller, J. & Oelmüller, R. 2008. The Role of Auxins and Cytokinins in the Mutualistic Interaction Between Arabidopsis and Piriformospora indica. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 21(10): 1371–1383.
Varma, A., Verma, S., Sahay, N.S., Butehorn, B. & Franken, P. 1999. Piriformospora indica, a cultivable plant growth promoting root endophyte. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65: 2741–2744.
Verma, S., Varma, A., Rexer, K., Kost, G., Sarbhoy, A., Bisen, P., Butehorn, B. & Franken, P. 1998. Piriformospora indica, gen. et sp. nov., a new root-colonizing fungus. Mycologia, 95: 896–903.
Waller, F., Achatz, B., Baltruschat, H., Fodor, J., Becker, K., Fischer, M., Heier, T., Huckelhoven, R., Neumann, C., Wettstein, D., Franken, P. & Kogel, K.H. 2005. The endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica reprograms barley to salt-stress tolerance, disease resistance, and higher yield. Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, 102: 13386-13391.
Warcup, J.H. & Talbot, P.H.B. 1967. Perfect states of Rhizoctonias associated with orchids. New Phytologist, 66: 631-641.
Weiss, M., Selosse, M.A., Rexer, K., Urban, A. & Oberwinkler, F. 2004. Sebacinales: a hitherto overlooked cosm of heterobasidiomycetes with a broad mycorrhizal potential. Mycological Research, 108: 1003-1010.
