شناسایی روشها و مؤلفه‌های تدریس و تدوین الگوی تفسیری آن بر مبنای تجارب زیستۀ معلمان در کشف استعداد علوم تجربی دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی
الموضوعات : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
محمدرضا نظریان
1
,
علی مهداد
2
,
احمد عابدی
3
,
محمد علی نادی
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان ( خوراسگان)، اصفهان ، ایران،
2 - دانشیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان ، ایران،
3 - دانشیارگروه روانشناسی،دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان ، ایران،
4 - دانشیار گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، اصفهان ، ایران،
الکلمات المفتاحية: الگوی تدریس, تجارب زیسته, استعداد علوم تجربی, پدیدارشناسی, ابتدایی,
ملخص المقالة :
هدف پژوهش، شناسایی روشها و مؤلفه‌های تدریس و تدوین الگوی تفسیری آن بر مبنای تجارب زیستۀ معلمان در کشف استعداد علوم تجربی دانش‌آموزان ابتدایی شهر اصفهان در سال تحصیلی 99-98 بود. روش تحقیق، کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی و جامعۀ آماری شامل کلیۀ معلمان پایۀ چهارم ابتدایی شهر اصفهان و نمونه شامل 68 نفر بودکه با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و تا مرحلۀ اشباع از بین معلمان مجرب، خوش‌ذوق و توانمند در زمینۀ شناسایی و استعدادیابی دانش‌آموزان و با معرفی ادارات نواحی ششگانۀ آموزش و پرورش انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش، مصاحبۀ نیمه ساختاریافته بود. در این روش تحلیل داده‌ها بر اساس هفت مرحلۀ کلایزی انجام شد. برای سنجش روایی یافته‌ها، از روایی محتوایی و برای سنجش پایایی، از روش پنل متخصصان استفاده شد؛ بدین روش که از تعداد5 نفر از استادان مجرب و متخصص در حوزۀ استعدادیابی تحصیلی، پس از بررسی کارشناسی، فرایند رفت و برگشتی، بازبینی و انجام اصلاحات ، تأیید نهایی اخذ گردید. اعتباربخشی این الگو با ارجاع به هر نمونه و پرسیدن دربارۀ یافته‌ها انجام شد. به طور کلی نتایجشان داد؛ الگوی تدریس پیشنهادی شامل 4 روش (روشهای فراشناخت، کارگاهی، کاوشگری و آزمایشگاهی) و16مؤلفه (دریافت، پردازش، نگهداری، انتقال اطلاعات، نمونه‌سازی، توصیف، استقرا، قیاس، پژوهش، ارائه، فعالیت و کار، مشارکت، طبیعت، تخیل، مشاهده و کنجکاوی) است. با شناسایی ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های الگوی تدریس ارائه شده، می‌توان معلمان را در ارائۀ روشهای فعال تدریس متناسب با شیوه‌های شناسایی استعداد دانش‌آموزان، توانمند نمود.
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